Publication:
Global Income Distribution : From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recession

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dc.contributor.authorLakner, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorMilanovic, Branko
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-05T18:38:16Z
dc.date.available2014-02-05T18:38:16Z
dc.date.issued2013-12
dc.description.abstractThe paper presents a newly compiled and improved database of national household surveys between 1988 and 2008. In 2008, the global Gini index is around 70.5 percent having declined by approximately 2 Gini points over this twenty year period. When it is adjusted for the likely under-reporting of top incomes in surveys by using the gap between national accounts consumption and survey means in combination with a Pareto-type imputation of the upper tail, the estimate is a much higher global Gini of almost 76 percent. With such an adjustment the downward trend in the Gini almost disappears. Tracking the evolution of individual country-deciles shows the underlying elements that drive the changes in the global distribution: China has graduated from the bottom ranks, modifying the overall shape of the global income distribution in the process and creating an important global "median" class that has transformed a twin-peaked 1988 global distribution into an almost single-peaked one now. The "winners" were country-deciles that in 1988 were around the median of the global income distribution, 90 percent of whom in terms of population are from Asia. The "losers" were the country-deciles that in 1988 were around the 85th percentile of the global income distribution, almost 90 percent of whom in terms of population are from mature economies.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/12/18633621/global-income-distribution-fall-berlin-wall-great-recession
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6719
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16935
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6719
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAVERAGE ANNUAL
dc.subjectAVERAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectAVERAGE GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOME
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOMES
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDICES
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INFLATION
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION GROWTH
dc.subjectCOUNTERFACTUAL
dc.subjectCPI
dc.subjectCROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS
dc.subjectCUMULATIVE POPULATION
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectDATA SET
dc.subjectDATA SETS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISPOSABLE INCOME
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF INCOMES
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTIONAL DATA
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICES
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OUTLOOK
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL WORK
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFOREIGN AID
dc.subjectFUNCTIONAL FORM
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGINI INDEX
dc.subjectGLOBAL POVERTY
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BONDS
dc.subjectGROUP INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHIGHER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME CONVERGENCE
dc.subjectINCOME DATA
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectINCOME GAINS
dc.subjectINCOME GROUP
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME LEVEL
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINCOME SHARES
dc.subjectINCOME STUDY
dc.subjectINCOME TAX
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINCREASING INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL INCOMES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY AVERSION
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASURES
dc.subjectJURISDICTION
dc.subjectLOCAL CURRENCIES
dc.subjectLOCAL CURRENCY
dc.subjectLORENZ CURVE
dc.subjectLOW INCOMES
dc.subjectMEAN INCOME
dc.subjectMEAN INCOMES
dc.subjectMEAN LOG DEVIATION
dc.subjectMEASUREMENT ERRORS
dc.subjectMEDIAN INCOME
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectNATIONAL SURVEYS
dc.subjectNOMINAL INCOMES
dc.subject0 HYPOTHESIS
dc.subjectOBSERVED CHANGES
dc.subjectOVERVALUATION
dc.subjectPARTICULAR COUNTRY
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOMES
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR AREAS
dc.subjectPOOR COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPOOR COUNTRY
dc.subjectPOPULATION SHARE
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASUREMENT
dc.subjectPOWER PARITIES
dc.subjectPRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectPRIVATE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectREAL INCOME
dc.subjectREGIONAL COVERAGE
dc.subjectREGIONAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectRESIDUAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATION
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectSURVEY DESIGN
dc.subjectTROUGH
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMIES
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.titleGlobal Income Distribution : From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recessionen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleGlobal Income Distribution: From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recession
okr.dataset.urlhttps://datacatalog.worldbank.org/node/140634
okr.date.disclosure2013-12-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:15:38.861608Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/12/18633621/global-income-distribution-fall-berlin-wall-great-recession
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid914431468162277879
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6719
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20131211100152
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum18633621
okr.identifier.reportWPS6719
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/12/11/000158349_20131211100152/Rendered/PDF/WPS6719.pdfen
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Rural Poverty Reduction
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Poverty Impact Evaluation
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Inequality
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth
okr.unitPoverty and Inequality Team, Development Research Group
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationfe09a17f-1d05-5a36-808c-daa18418e7bb
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationef885098-1480-5065-99a0-202312d457c2
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryfe09a17f-1d05-5a36-808c-daa18418e7bb
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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