Publication: Forced Displacement of and Potential Solutions for IDPs and Refugees in the Sahel : Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger
Loading...
Files in English
932 downloads
200 downloads
208 downloads
43 downloads
Published
2013-10
ISSN
Date
2014-04-07
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
The Sahel region has seen the forcible displacement of more than million persons as a result of conflict. Tackling displacement in the Sahel is critical for both poverty alleviation and stabilization, and only a development response will be adequate to the task. A development response to forced displacement in the Sahel requires a regional approach. Such an approach would have the benefits of being able to overcome challenges relating to cross-border movements, obtain commitments by host governments to support the prospects of displaced from neighboring countries, and facilitate common approaches, shared conceptualization and learning. The purpose of this scoping study on forced displacement is to contribute towards the formulation of a regional policy framework for sustainable solutions to displacement and towards the substantiation of a development response. The main challenges for the displaced populations include: i) livelihoods; ii) relations with host communities; iii) cohesion; iv) depletion of services; and v) governance. Measures to be taken to address the needs of these communities are: 1) improving the monitoring of population movement and knowledge on the locations, profiles and needs of the displaced, their host and return communities; 2) ensuring that the displaced and those affected by them can benefit from ongoing wider development investments in the region by designing 'displacement-sensitive' interventions; 3) strengthening services in affected areas through targeted regional investment programs; 4) employment creation and livelihood generation for those displaced; 5) delivering resources for the displaced in such a way that important outcomes are achieved; and 6) exploring the creative use of new technologies to extent information and development benefits to the displaced.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2013. Forced Displacement of and Potential Solutions for IDPs and Refugees in the Sahel : Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger. © http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17617 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Digital Object Identifier
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Forced Displacement of and Potential Solutions for IDPS and Refugees in the Sahel : Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger(Washington, DC, 2014-08)A development response to forced displacement in the Sahel requires a regional approach. Such an approach would have the benefits of being able to: (i) overcome challenges relating to cross--- border movements, (ii) obtain commitments by host governments to support the prospects of displaced from neighboring countries and (iii) facilitate common approaches, shared conceptualization and learning. A regional approach will be appropriate in the context of ECOWAS cooperation, as three of five countries suffering the heaviest displacement in the region are members of that organization, namely Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. The purpose of this scoping study on forced displacement is to contribute towards the formulation of a regional policy framework for sustainable solutions to displacement and towards the substantiation of a development response. This study, undertaken jointly by UNHCR and the Global Program on Forced Displacement (GPFD) in the Social Development Department (SDV) of the World Bank in June 2013, indicates that the main development challenges for the displaced in the region.Publication Assessing the Impacts and Costs of Forced Displacement : Volume 1. A Mixed Methods Approach(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2012-05-01)Globally, over 40 million people have been forced to leave or flee their homes due to conflict, violence, and human rights violations either as refugees outside their country of origin or Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). A substantial number live in protracted displacement where return has not been possible.Forced displacement is a humanitarian crisis: but it also produces developmental impacts - short and longer term, negative and positive - affecting human and social capital, economic growth, poverty reduction efforts, environmental sustainability and societal fragility. A prevailing view is that refugees are a burden on the development aspirations of host countries and populations and that negative socio-economic and environmental impacts and costs outweigh the positive contributions (actual or potential) that forcibly displaced people might make. The losses incurred by the displaced populations themselves reinforce perceptions of vulnerability and dependency and thus assumptions of the burden they might impose. This study provides such a methodology. The development and drafting of the methodology and the state of the art literature review was conducted by the refugee studies centre, with valuable and constructive inputs from the partner organizations.Publication Forced Displacement(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-12)This note discusses the development dimensions of forced displacement, and the potential role of the World Bank to address these dimensions and contribute to durable solutions for group's who have returned from or are in displacement situations. For the purposes of this note, forced displacement refers to the situation of persons who are forced to leave or flee their homes due to conflict, violence, and human rights violations.Publication Forced Displacement and Refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-12)Most reports on refugees deal with the immediate needs of displaced people. This paper seeks to go beyond the emergency phase and explore the challenges surrounding protracted refugee situations. The paper examines the refugee situation in Sub-Saharan Africa from a long-term angle, from the perspective of refugees own agency as well as from the perspective of the host community. The paper aims to shed light on the economic lives of refugees in their host communities. Starting with an overview of the situation of refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa, the paper draws on findings from the literature to debunk some entrenched beliefs about refugees. The discussion of refugee crises in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda draws some lessons. The decision to return is discussed and it is argued that the decision depends on the socioeconomic condition in the host country versus the country of refuge, integration versus return policies in place, the individual set of skills of each refugee, and his or her subjective perception of the political climate in both countries.Publication Political Economy and Forced Displacement : Guidance and Lessons from Nine Country Case Studies(Washington, DC, 2014-06-17)This report was produced for the Global Program on Forced Displacement and describes why and how to conduct political economy analysis (PEA) of forced displacement. It also illustrates how PEA may contribute to understanding forced displacement crises with nine case studies: Casamance (Senegal), Colombia, Cote dapos;Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, the Philippines, Somalia, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe. Forced displacement is understood here as a situation where persons are forced to leave or flee their homes due to conflict, violence, or human rights violations. The key elements of forced displacement PEAs include: i) a review of the historical context and displacement characteristics; ii) durable solutions prospects; iii) environmental, geographic, social, political, and economic drivers, constraints and opportunities; (iv) needs of the displaced and hosts; v) existing policies, government/institutional context, and operations; and vi) recommendations. Recommendations on development policies and programs that result from a PEA characteristically fall into at least four categories, namely: i) improving access to land, housing and property; ii) reestablishment of livelihoods; iii) improving delivery of services; and iv) strengthening accountable and responsible governance. PEAs of forced displacement analyze the contestation and distribution of power and resources along with the development challenges associated with forced displacement crises. By nature of their marginalization and the frequently protracted nature of their exile, the forcibly displaced are especially vulnerable as power and resources are disputed. The purpose of conducting a PEA on forced displacement is to inform policy dialogue and operations so that the interests of vulnerable forcibly displaced populations and their hosts are effectively accommodated in resource allocation decision-making and in poverty alleviation initiatives. From the earliest design phase to dissemination of the results, the PEA is essentially an exercise in effectively collecting relevant data, analyzing these, and then marketing the analysis and its operational implications to the right stakeholders. This report is intended to be an aid in navigating these decision points and activities and to encourage more frequent and better use of political economy analysis in evaluating and addressing forced displacement.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication The Role of Liquefied Petroleum Gas in Reducing Energy Poverty(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011-12)Increasing household use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is one of several pathways to meet the goal of universal access to clean cooking and heating solutions by 2030, as stated in the United Nations' Sustainable Energy for All Initiative. This study examined factors affecting household use of LPG, the state of LPG markets in developing countries, and measures to enable more households to shift away from solid fuels to LPG. The study is based on three separate but complementary analyses of factors affecting LPG use in developing countries: (1) econometric analysis of national household expenditure surveys in 10 developing countries that assessed the factors influencing LPG selection and consumption; (2) examination of LPG markets in 20 developing countries, including their regulatory frameworks, pricing and other policies, supply infrastructure, cylinder management, amount of information available to the public, and activities designed to promote household use of LPG; and (3) data from households in 110 developing countries about energy choices related to cooking, with information on energy choice by wealth quintile available in 63 of them.Publication Digital Africa(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13)All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.Publication Indonesia Economic Prospects, June 2025(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-06-23)Indonesia’s economy remains resilient amid worsening global conditions. GDP grew at 4.9 percent year-on-year (yoy) in Q1-2025, slightly lower than previous post-pandemic quarters. Domestic demand was impacted by reduced government consumption and lower investment. Budget efficiency measures led to a contraction in public consumption, while investment in the construction and manufacturing sectors dipped due to investors’ concerns over domestic and global policy uncertainty. Meanwhile, declining commodity prices worsened Indonesia’s terms of trade. The supply side showed notable contributions from the agriculture and services sectors. Businesses and households are adjusting to economic uncertainty, but weak consumption of middle-class households has been persistent since the pandemic. The GOI structural reform agenda could accelerate growth further. In response to rising global policy uncertainty, the GOI devised a program of deregulation including reforms to the business environment and licensing, investment liberalization, trade and logistics reforms, and digital services. These reforms complement other reforms currently in play, like those related to financial sector deepening, and accompany the demand stimulus that the GOI is targeting through its priority programs. If implemented, these reforms could gradually expand the economy’s capacity, unlock further FDI, boost investment returns, and ensure productivity gains. The report suggests that this will translate into better job creation and raise GDP growth to 5.3-5.5 percent in 2026-2027. This report identifies the necessary steps to reach the target of providing 3 million housing units each year. In short, to meet the housing target and supercharge current efforts, the government needs to act as both a housing provider and a housing facilitator: instituting housing regulation reforms, accelerating public-funded housing programs, and creating an enabling environment that attracts private investment in Indonesia. Directly, 3.8 billion dollars in annual public investments can create an estimated 2.3 million jobs and mobilize 2.8 billion dollars in private capital. Reforms can create an enabling environment for housing investments and indirectly help multiply this impact.Publication Human Resources for Mental Health Service Delivery in Viet Nam(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-05-30)"Human Resources for Mental Health Service Delivery in Viet Nam" provides an overview of the country’s current state of and challenges to mental health service delivery. The framework of the report is composed of four interconnected domains: health care, social services, education and mental health literacy, and informal care systems. The organizational structure, significant achievements, critical gaps, and problems in mental health service delivery at the institutional and community levels are highlighted in terms of public demand, availability, accessibility, and quality of service. The report uses new empirical data from surveys, workshops, and group discussions with key stakeholders. It describes the mental health workforce in Viet Nam and analyzes critical issues, including the shortage of professionals (psychiatrists, mental health nurses, psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers, occupational therapists, and others). Given the need to develop all levels of mental health care, the report addresses the uneven distribution of the provision of service between levels of health care institutions and rural and urban regions, competency mismatches, job satisfaction, recruitment, and challenges to the retention of mental health workers. The report also examines the need for mental health education and training at the institutional and structured program levels, as well as the supply constraints to the future development of the mental health workforce. The interdisciplinary team of authors emphasizes the urgent need for Viet Nam to strengthen its human resources for mental health service delivery toward achieving universal health coverage, including all mental disorders. The report’s evidence-based recommendations include multisectoral workforce planning; transformation of education and training; coordination, integration, and retention of the available workforce; improvement of the workforce governance framework; and strengthened mental health financing.Publication Economy Profile of Bhutan(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-11-01)Doing Business 2018 is the 15th in a series of annual reports investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. This economy profile presents the Doing Business indicators for Bhutan. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on business regulation and the protection of property rights that can be compared across 190 economies; for 2018 Bhutan ranks 75. Doing Business measures aspects of regulation affecting 11 areas of the life of a business. Ten of these areas are included in this year’s ranking on the ease of doing business: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. Doing Business also measures features of labor market regulation, which is not included in this year’s ranking. Data in Doing Business 2018 are current as of June 1, 2017. The indicators are used to analyze economic outcomes and identify what reforms of business regulation have worked, where and why.