Publication:
How to Recruit and Retain Health Workers in Rural and Remote Areas in Developing Countries : A Guidance Note

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dc.contributor.authorAraújo, Edson
dc.contributor.authorMaeda, Akiko
dc.date.accessioned2013-10-08T19:09:13Z
dc.date.available2013-10-08T19:09:13Z
dc.date.issued2013-06
dc.description.abstractWorldwide the geographical distribution of health workers is skewed towards urban and wealthier areas. This pattern is found in nearly every country in the world, regardless of the level of economic development and health system organization, but the problem is especially acute in developing countries. The geographical imbalances in the health workforce further exacerbate inequities in the health sector, as the services are not available where needs are higher and impact greater. A variety of interventions have been applied in different contexts and for different types of health workers to address this problem. There is an emerging consensus that policies for recruitment and retention in rural and remote areas need to address two critical issues: i) to be effective, interventions need to be implemented in bundles, combining different packages of interventions according to the variety of factors influencing the health worker's decision to work in rural or remote areas; and ii) to match the interventions with health worker's preferences and expectations, since the health worker's employment decisions are a function of these preferences. In order to respond to these requirements, this paper proposes the application of Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) to allow for measurement of health workers' preferences and quantitatively predicts the job uptake given a set of job characteristics. This paper has a two-fold objective: a) to give the reader an overview of the magnitude of unequal health workforce distribution in the developing countries, provide a summary of the evidence to date on the factors that contribute to these imbalances, and present a systematic set of policy interventions that are being implemented around the world to address the problem of recruitment and retention of health workers in rural and remote regions of the developing countries; and b) to introduce the reader to the potential application of the DCE to elicit health workers' preferences and determine the factors likely to increase their probability of taking up a rural or remote job.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/16104
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16104
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesHNP Discussion Paper;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectaccess to health care
dc.subjectallocative efficiency
dc.subjectbasic infrastructure
dc.subjectbirth attendants
dc.subjectBulletin
dc.subjectburden of disease
dc.subjectcities
dc.subjectcommunity health
dc.subjectCOST-EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subjectcountry of origin
dc.subjectdecision making
dc.subjectDelivery of Health Services
dc.subjectdemand for health
dc.subjectdemand for health care
dc.subjectdemographic questions
dc.subjectdescription
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectdevelopment goals
dc.subjectdiseases
dc.subjectdoctors
dc.subjectdrinking water
dc.subjectdrugs
dc.subjecteconomic development
dc.subjecteffective policies
dc.subjectemployment opportunities
dc.subjectfamily support
dc.subjectfinancial incentives
dc.subjectfocus group discussions
dc.subjectgender
dc.subjectglobal health
dc.subjectgovernment housing
dc.subjectHealth Affairs
dc.subjecthealth care
dc.subjecthealth care professionals
dc.subjecthealth care research
dc.subjecthealth care services
dc.subjecthealth care systems
dc.subjecthealth coverage
dc.subjecthealth economics
dc.subjecthealth education
dc.subjecthealth facilities
dc.subjecthealth insurance
dc.subjecthealth needs
dc.subjectHealth Organization
dc.subjecthealth outcomes
dc.subjectHealth Policy
dc.subjecthealth professionals
dc.subjecthealth sector
dc.subjectHealth service
dc.subjecthealth service delivery
dc.subjectHealth Services
dc.subjectHealth Services Research
dc.subjectHealth Specialist
dc.subjecthealth system
dc.subjecthealth systems
dc.subjecthealth systems organization
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjecthealth workforce
dc.subjecthospital
dc.subjecthouseholds
dc.subjecthousing
dc.subjectHuman Development
dc.subjectHuman Resources
dc.subjectINCENTIVE SCHEMES
dc.subjectIncentives for Doctors
dc.subjectincome
dc.subjectinequities
dc.subjectinsurance
dc.subjectinsurance schemes
dc.subjectInternational Mobility
dc.subjectintervention
dc.subjectinterventions
dc.subjectisolation
dc.subjectlabor force
dc.subjectlabor market
dc.subjectlabor markets
dc.subjectlimited job opportunities
dc.subjectliving conditions
dc.subjectlow income
dc.subjectLow-Income Countries
dc.subjectmarital status
dc.subjectmarket failures
dc.subjectmedical education
dc.subjectmedical school
dc.subjectMedically Underserved Areas
dc.subjectmedicines
dc.subjectmidwives
dc.subjectmigration
dc.subjectMillennium Development Goals
dc.subjectMinistry of Health
dc.subjectnational authorities
dc.subjectnational development
dc.subjectnational health
dc.subjectnational health systems
dc.subjectnational levels
dc.subjectneed for research
dc.subjectnurse
dc.subjectnurses
dc.subjectnursing
dc.subjectNutrition
dc.subjectpatient
dc.subjectpatients
dc.subjectpatients satisfaction
dc.subjectphysician
dc.subjectPHYSICIANS
dc.subjectpolicy decisions
dc.subjectPOLICY FORMULATION
dc.subjectPolicy makers
dc.subjectPolicy Research
dc.subjectPolicy Research Working Paper
dc.subjectpolitical support
dc.subjectprimary health care
dc.subjectprivate sector
dc.subjectprivate sectors
dc.subjectprobability
dc.subjectProfessional associations
dc.subjectprovision of health care
dc.subjectpublic sector
dc.subjectpull factors
dc.subjectpush factors
dc.subjectquality of care
dc.subjectquality of services
dc.subjectrecipient country
dc.subjectreligious beliefs
dc.subjectresearch methods
dc.subjectresearch techniques
dc.subjectrespect
dc.subjectrole models
dc.subjectRURAL AREA
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRural Health Care
dc.subjectrural origin
dc.subjectsafety
dc.subjectsanitation
dc.subjectscarce resources
dc.subjectshort-term training
dc.subjectSkills Development
dc.subjectsocial sciences
dc.subjectSocial unrest
dc.subjectspouse
dc.subjectStrengthening Human Resources
dc.subjecttraditional birth attendants
dc.subjecttransportation
dc.subjectunemployment
dc.subjecturban area
dc.subjecturban areas
dc.subjectUrban center
dc.subjecturban centers
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectworking conditions
dc.subjectWorld Health Organization
dc.titleHow to Recruit and Retain Health Workers in Rural and Remote Areas in Developing Countries : A Guidance Noteen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2013-06-17
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T11:53:14.005900Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.identifier.report78506
okr.language.supporteden
okr.sectorHealth and other social services :: Health
okr.topicCommunities and Human Settlements::Housing & Human Habitats
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Health Economics & Finance
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Health Monitoring & Evaluation
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Health Systems Development & Reform
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.unitHealth, Nutrition & Popultn Team (HDNHE)
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