Publication:
Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2014-10-16T16:39:55Z
dc.date.available2014-10-16T16:39:55Z
dc.date.issued2014-03-28
dc.description.abstractThe implementation of the customs union (CU) in 1995 was the culmination of thirty-two years of association between the European Union (EU) and Turkey and was expected by Turkey to be the first step in the EU accession process. The CU has been a major instrument of integration for the Turkish economy into both European and global markets. The CU covers trade in just industrial goods (including the industrial components of processed agricultural products) and excludes primary agriculture, services, and public procurement but has proved to be a powerful force of regulatory convergence. The evaluation s objectives are to assess the impacts of the CU and to make forward looking, solution-orientated recommendations for its improvement with an emphasis on the economics behind the various trade irritants and options for dealing with problems related to asymmetries as well as examining the case for widening. The evaluation provides quantitative and qualitative estimates of the effects of the CU and demonstrates that the trade agreement has been highly beneficial for both Turkey and the EU. The evaluation consists of two main parts: (i) an evaluation of the impact of the CU on trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and more broadly, welfare in Turkey through the effects it has had on trade policy, eliminating the need for rules of origin (ROOs) on preferential trade with the EU and implementing the acquis in areas covered by the CU; and (ii) a review of current limitations of the existing trade arrangement, potential gains in dealing with these as well as modalities for reform. The evaluation has six sections. Section one gives introduction. Section two reviews trade and investment outcomes between the EU and Turkey. Section three examines the effects the CU has had on the trade policy environment for Turkey. Section four provides an overview of EU-Turkey trade relations in terms of Turkey s harmonization with EU regulations and use of trade defense instruments. The fifth section examines the potential impacts of widening the trade arrangement to cover new areas in agriculture and services and makes proposals for the modalities that can be used to include these as part of an agreement including in the context of full accession. Section six presents conclusions and recommendations.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/03/20252590/evaluation-eu-turkey-customs-union
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/20444
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/20444
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAD VALOREM
dc.subjectAGGREGATE EXPORTS
dc.subjectAGGREGATE TRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectANTIDUMPING
dc.subjectANTIDUMPING DUTIES
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILES
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO TRADE
dc.subjectBILATERAL AGREEMENT
dc.subjectBILATERAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectBILATERAL CUMULATION
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANK
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectCOMMON MARKET
dc.subjectCOMPETITION POLICY
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION
dc.subjectCUSTOMS AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectCUSTOMS DECLARATIONS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS DUTIES
dc.subjectCUSTOMS LEGISLATION
dc.subjectCUSTOMS MODERNIZATION
dc.subjectCUSTOMS REGIME
dc.subjectCUSTOMS UNION
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDISPUTE SETTLEMENT
dc.subjectDISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM
dc.subjectDOMESTIC LEGISLATION
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCTION
dc.subjectECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC WELFARE
dc.subjectEUROPEAN UNION
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXPORT BASKET
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORT SECTORS
dc.subjectEXPORT VALUE
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTING COUNTRY
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TARIFF
dc.subjectFOREIGN BUYERS
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTOR
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTORS
dc.subjectFOREIGN MARKETS
dc.subjectFOREIGN SOURCES
dc.subjectFREE ACCESS
dc.subjectFREE IMPORTS
dc.subjectFREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectFREE TRADE ASSOCIATION
dc.subjectFREE TREATMENT
dc.subjectFULL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGLOBAL TRADE
dc.subjectGLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGRAVITY MODEL
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectIMPORT PRICES
dc.subjectIMPORT REGIME
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectINDUSTRY TRADE
dc.subjectINSPECTION
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE INPUTS
dc.subjectINTERNAL MARKET
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectINVESTMENT PROTECTION
dc.subjectLABOR STANDARDS
dc.subjectLDCS
dc.subjectLEGAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC SHOCKS
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectMOST FAVORED NATION
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLE
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLES
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectMUTUAL AGREEMENT
dc.subjectMUTUAL RECOGNITION
dc.subjectMUTUAL RECOGNITION PRINCIPLE
dc.subjectNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectNEIGHBORHOODS
dc.subjectNON-TARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectOPENNESS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL MARGIN
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectQUOTA SYSTEM
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL SERVICES
dc.subjectREAL INCOME
dc.subjectRECIPROCAL ACCESS
dc.subjectREGIONALISM
dc.subjectREGULATORY CONVERGENCE
dc.subjectREGULATORY REFORM
dc.subjectREGULATORY REGIMES
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectROUTES
dc.subjectRULES OF ORIGIN
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectSYSTEM OF PREFERENCES
dc.subjectTARIFF EQUIVALENT
dc.subjectTARIFF PREFERENCES
dc.subjectTARIFF STRUCTURE
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX BASE
dc.subjectTAX REVENUES
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTECHNICAL BARRIERS
dc.subjectTECHNICAL COMMITTEES
dc.subjectTECHNICAL REGULATION
dc.subjectTECHNICAL REGULATIONS
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTERMS-OF-TRADE EFFECT
dc.subjectTIRES
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectTRADE CONCESSIONS
dc.subjectTRADE COSTS
dc.subjectTRADE CREATION
dc.subjectTRADE DATA
dc.subjectTRADE DIVERSION
dc.subjectTRADE FACILITATION
dc.subjectTRADE IN GOODS
dc.subjectTRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subjectTRADE INTEGRATION
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE NEGOTIATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE RELATIONSHIP
dc.subjectTRADE TAXES
dc.subjectTRAINS
dc.subjectTRANSIT
dc.subjectTRANSIT SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectTRANSPORT OF GOODS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT OPERATORS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION SERVICES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTS
dc.subjectTRAVELERS
dc.subjectUNFAIR COMPETITION
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVALUE OF EXPORTS
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWELFARE LOSS
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleEvaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Unionen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2014-09-26
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T08:50:21.378163Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Foreign Trade, FDI, and Capital Flows Study
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/03/20252590/evaluation-eu-turkey-customs-union
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid298151468308967367
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000442464_20140930111046
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum20252590
okr.identifier.report85830
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/09/30/000442464_20140930111046/Rendered/PDF/858300ESW0P1440disclosed090260140TR.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.countryTurkiye
okr.sectorIndustry and trade :: General industry and trade sector
okr.themeTrade and integration :: Regional integration
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Policy
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Free Trade
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy and Planning
okr.topicLaw and Development::Trade Law
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitTrade & Compet - GP - IBRD (GTCDR)
okr.volume1 of 1
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