Publication:
The Economic Consequences of “Brain Drain” of the Best and Brightest : Microeconomic Evidence from Five Countries

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dc.contributor.authorGibson, John
dc.contributor.authorMcKenzie, David
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:41:24Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:41:24Z
dc.date.issued2010-08-01
dc.description.abstractBrain drain has long been a common concern for migrant-sending countries, particularly for small countries where high-skilled emigration rates are highest. However, while economic theory suggests a number of possible benefits, in addition to costs, from skilled emigration, the evidence base on many of these is very limited. Moreover, the lessons from case studies of benefits to China and India from skilled emigration may not be relevant to much smaller countries. This paper presents the results of innovative surveys which tracked academic high-achievers from five countries to wherever they moved in the world in order to directly measure at the micro level the channels through which high-skilled emigration affects the sending country. The results show that there are very high levels of emigration and of return migration among the very highly skilled; the income gains to the best and brightest from migrating are very large, and an order of magnitude or more greater than any other effect; there are large benefits from migration in terms of postgraduate education; most high-skilled migrants from poorer countries send remittances; but that involvement in trade and foreign direct investment is a rare occurrence. There is considerable knowledge flow from both current and return migrants about job and study opportunities abroad, but little net knowledge sharing from current migrants to home country governments or businesses. Finally, the fiscal costs vary considerably across countries, and depend on the extent to which governments rely on progressive income taxation.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100803134804
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5394
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3878
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5394
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACADEMIC OUTCOMES
dc.subjectACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectADVANCED DEGREES
dc.subjectBANK POLICY
dc.subjectBASKET OF GOODS
dc.subjectBENEFITS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectBOND
dc.subjectBRAIN DRAIN
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKET
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCIVIC PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectCONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCOUNTRIES OF ORIGIN
dc.subjectDEMAND CURVE
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDIASPORA
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDUE DILIGENCE
dc.subjectDUMMY VARIABLE
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectECONOMICS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectEDUCATED MIGRANTS
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKET
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITY
dc.subjectFAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subjectFEMALE MIGRANTS
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL FLOWS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFUTURE RESEARCH
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REVENUE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SPENDING
dc.subjectGRADUATE STUDENTS
dc.subjectGROSS VALUE
dc.subjectHARD SCIENCES
dc.subjectHIGH SCHOOLS
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION
dc.subjectHIGHER INCOMES
dc.subjectHIGHLY SKILLED INDIVIDUALS
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHOLDING
dc.subjectHOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectHOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOMES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectIDENTITY THEFT
dc.subjectILLNESS
dc.subjectIMMIGRANTS
dc.subjectIMMIGRATION
dc.subjectIMPACT OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectIMPACT OF MIGRATION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME TAX
dc.subjectINCOME TAXES
dc.subjectINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectINSTRUMENT
dc.subjectINTERNAL RATES OF RETURN
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTING
dc.subjectKNOWLEDGE SHARING
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLEVELS OF PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLITERATURE
dc.subjectLIVING ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectLIVING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL CURRENCY
dc.subjectLOCAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC SHOCKS
dc.subjectMACROECONOMICS
dc.subjectMARGINAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectMEDICAL PROFESSIONALS
dc.subjectMEDICAL SCHOOLS
dc.subjectMICRO-DATA
dc.subjectMICRODATA
dc.subjectMIGRANT
dc.subjectMIGRANT-SENDING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMIGRATION POLICY
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
dc.subjectNATIONAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectNATURAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectPANDEMIC
dc.subjectPAPERS
dc.subjectPARTICULAR COUNTRY
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOMES
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION SIZE
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EFFECTS
dc.subjectPOSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
dc.subjectPOWER PARITIES
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPROFIT MARGIN
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectRADIO
dc.subjectRATE OF RETURN
dc.subjectRECREATION
dc.subjectREGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectRESEARCH COLLABORATION
dc.subjectRESEARCH COMMUNITY
dc.subjectRESEARCH FUNDING
dc.subjectRESEARCHERS
dc.subjectRETURN MIGRATION
dc.subjectRETURNEES
dc.subjectRETURNS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSCHOLARS
dc.subjectSCHOLARSHIPS
dc.subjectSCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectSCIENTIST
dc.subjectSCIENTISTS
dc.subjectSECONDARY ENROLMENT
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOLING
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSKILLED MIGRANTS
dc.subjectSKILLED OCCUPATIONS
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSMALL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectSOCIAL PRESSURE
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectSPILLOVER
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX RATE
dc.subjectTAX RATES
dc.subjectTAX REVENUES
dc.subjectTAX SYSTEM
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTEACHERS
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION
dc.subjectTELEVISION
dc.subjectTEMPORARY MIGRATION
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectTRANSACTION
dc.subjectTRANSFER OF SKILLS
dc.subjectTREASURY
dc.subjectTRUST FUND
dc.subjectUNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectVARIABLE COSTS
dc.subjectVENTURE CAPITAL
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.titleThe Economic Consequences of “Brain Drain” of the Best and Brightest : Microeconomic Evidence from Five Countriesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleThe Economic Consequences Of "Brain Drain" Of The Best And Brightest: Microeconomic Evidence From Five Countries
okr.date.disclosure2010-08-03
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:44:22.616392Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100803134804
okr.globalpracticeEducation
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid334491468136804378
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5394
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20100803134804
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum12612492
okr.identifier.reportWPS5394
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/08/03/000158349_20100803134804/Rendered/PDF/WPS5394.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.region.countryChina
okr.region.geographicalEast Asia
okr.region.geographicalSouth Asia
okr.region.geographicalAsia
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicTertiary Education
okr.topicEducation
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication148d6d6d-76e5-5d6f-9af9-98313e30551f
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery148d6d6d-76e5-5d6f-9af9-98313e30551f
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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