Publication:
Corporate Income Tax Incentives to Promote Environmentally Sustainable Investment: Findings from 40 economies covered by the World Bank Corporate Income Tax Incentives Database

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (3.03 MB)
217 downloads
English Text (175.19 KB)
5 downloads
Date
2025-01-06
ISSN
Published
2025-01-06
Editor(s)
Abstract
The paper advances a framework to take stock of CIT incentives across two interrelated policy objectives: stimulating investment in green sectors and processes; and/or encouraging divestment from dirty sectors. It distinguishes three categories of CIT incentives related to the green agenda: (i) green process-oriented incentives, which support environmentally sustainable production processes (e.g., less emission-intensive steel production); (ii) green sector-oriented incentives, whose sector or output support environmental sustainability (e.g., manufacturing of batteries for electric vehicles); and (iii) incentives for polluting (or “dirty”) sectors, referring to sectors or outputs that are counterproductive to environmentally sustainable objectives (e.g., fossil fuel based energy production).
Link to Data Set
Citation
World Bank Group. 2025. Corporate Income Tax Incentives to Promote Environmentally Sustainable Investment: Findings from 40 economies covered by the World Bank Corporate Income Tax Incentives Database. Prosperity Insight Series. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/42615 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.
Associated URLs
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Investing in a More Sustainable Indonesia : Country Environmental Analysis 2009 - Main Report
    (World Bank, 2009-10-01) World Bank
    The objective of this Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) is to highlight the underlying challenges and opportunities for Indonesia's environment and management of its natural resources in order to guide the World Bank support to Indonesian institutions for more sustainable development. Rather, the CEA sets the broader context (chapter one) and economic costs of environmental degradation (chapter two) in order to identify underlying challenges and opportunities. These are divided into two sets of priorities those related to environmental governance and those that are more sectoral in nature. Environmental governance encompasses the decentralized framework for environmental management (chapter three), enabling policies for greater environment and resource sustainability (chapter four) and building environmental constituencies (chapter five). The sectoral challenges that are most important for Indonesian development are vulnerability to climate change (chapter six), land use and climate change (chapter seven) and energy and climate change (chapter eight). The report concludes with options for a more sustainable Indonesia, including recommendations for how the World Bank can more effectively invest in light of the CEA findings (chapter nine).
  • Publication
    India : Diagnostic Assessment of Select Environmental Challenges, Volume 2. Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability, What Are the Tradeoffs?
    (Washington, DC, 2013-06-05) World Bank
    This report provides estimates of social and financial costs of environmental damage in India from three pollution damage categories: (i) urban air pollution, including particulate matter and lead; (ii) inadequate water supply, poor sanitation, and hygiene; (iii) indoor air pollution; and four natural resource damage categories: (a) agricultural damage from soil salinity, water logging, and soil erosion; (b) rangeland degradation; (c) deforestation; and (d) natural disasters. The estimates are based on a combination of Indian data from secondary sources and on the transfer of unit costs of pollution from a range of national and international studies. The quantification and monetary valuation of environmental damage involves many scientific disciplines including environmental, physical, and biological and health sciences, epidemiology, and environmental economics. Estimates of the costs of degradation are generally reported as a percent of conventional gross domestic product (GDP). This provides a useful estimate of the importance of environmental damages but it should not be interpreted that GDP will increase by a given percent if the degradation were to be reduced to zero. Any measures to reduce environmental degradation will have a cost and the additional cost goes up the greater is the reduction that is made. Hence a program to remove all degradation can well result in a lower GDP. This report provides a measure of the overall damage relative to a benchmark, in which all damages related to economic activity are eliminated. The report is structured as follows: section one provides a summary of estimated social and financial costs of environmental damage; section two focuses on urban air pollution; section three deals with water supply, sanitation, and hygiene; section four focuses on indoor air pollution; section five focuses on land degradation, crop production, and rangeland degradation; and section six deals with forest degradation.
  • Publication
    Trade and Investment Policies to Promote Climate Friendly Technologies in APEC Economies
    (Washington, DC, 2012-01) World Bank
    Climate Friendly Technologies (CFT) reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by reducing the carbon content of economic activity. Climate change due to greenhouse gases is expected to affect many sectors, and present risks to many Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies in Asia. These risks include falling freshwater availability, rainfall volatility, frequent hurricanes and droughts, and a greater risk of coastal flooding. All these will cause significant negative impacts on APEC member economies. Given that APEC economies account for more than half of global GHG emissions, the adoption of emissions reducing CFTs in this region is critically important for the global emissions mitigation agenda. This report, first, describes the wide range of different CFTs already in use in middle-income APEC economies and their potential. As such, it is a comprehensive reference on CFTs that are used and produced in middle-income APEC economies, and on the factors that have contributed to their uptake, including domestic Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) legislation and energy security policies. This report combines regional reviews and analyses with country level analyses of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Second, it discusses the potential of further use and production of CFTs in APEC economies and the challenges facing their adoption. Third, it attempts to identify CFTs that have the most potential for further use. For example, this report identifies wind power technologies in Thailand as one of two CFTs with the most potential for further expansion of installed capacity and that may benefit the most from targeted trade and investment policies. Finally, the report addresses issues concerning the design of effective technology-based policies that support economic development through the adoption of CFTs. First, this will require a substantial mobilization of international investments in CFTs. An additional US$ 200 billion annually by 2030 is the estimated level of investment required to return GHG emissions to current levels.
  • Publication
    Strategic Environmental Assessment for Industry Sector Himachal Pradesh, India
    (Washington, DC, 2013-12-23) World Bank
    This strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is a technical piece intended to assist in the current and future identification of priority industrial pollutants and economic instruments to minimize industrial waste. This industrial sector SEA is one of six pieces of technical support envisioned by the Himachal Pradesh (HP) inclusive green growth (IGG) development policy loan (DPL) to fill knowledge gaps and strengthen operational success of the DPL. The DPL acknowledges that industrial development is an important economic driver within HP, and that such development must be consistent with maintaining the integrity of other natural resource assets on which human health depend. The general objectives of the SEA study are: (i) to assist in identification of priority pollutants and industries; (ii) to review existing institutional structures that address these pollutants; (iii) to identify and recommend potential reform options through the introduction of new policy approaches; and (iv) to identify complementary institutional support necessary to implement such a program. The SEA was undertaken from April to December 2013 based on secondary data collection, existing literature, various consultative meetings with key stakeholders, and diagnostic analyses of this information. The purpose of the consultations was to discuss the findings, issues, and preliminary directions suggested by the desk reviews, and to initiate a work plan for amassing additional information. The SEA has included participatory approaches to ensure that presented policy changes are designed and implemented in a way that is responsive to the different segments of HP society. This report is presented in three parts. Part one forms a foundation for focusing subsequent diagnostic work by providing more extensive detail on the institutional context, pollution situation, health and environmental linkages, and opportunities for using economic instruments. Part two performs additional diagnostic analyses to inform the core recommendations relating to options for new economic instruments, institutional reforms, and capacity building; these recommendations are presented in part three.
  • Publication
    India’s Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability : What Are the Tradeoffs?
    (2012-09) Mani, Muthukumara; Markandya, Anil; Sagar, Aarsi; Sahin, Sebnem; World Bank, Washington, DC
    One of the key environmental problems facing India is that of particle pollution from the combustion of fossil fuels. This has serious health consequences and with the rapid growth in the economy these impacts are increasing. At the same time, economic growth is an imperative and policy makers are concerned about the possibility that pollution reduction measures could reduce growth significantly. This paper addresses the tradeoffs involved in controlling local pollutants such as particles. Using an established Computable General Equilibrium model, it evaluates the impacts of a tax on coal or on emissions of particles such that these instruments result in emission levels that are respectively 10 percent and 30 percent lower than they otherwise would be in 2030. The main findings are as follows: (i) A 10 percent particulate emission reduction results in a lower gross domestic product but the size of the reduction is modest; (ii) losses in gross domestic proudct from the tax are partly offset by the health gains from lower particle emissions; (iii) the taxes reduce emissions of carbon dioxide by about 590 million tons in 2030 in the case of the 10 percent reduction and 830 million tons in the case of the 30 percent reduction; and (iv) taken together, the carbon dioxide reduction and the health benefits are greater than the loss of gross domestic product in both cases.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Understanding Income Security for Older Adults - Rethink Social Protection and Jobs in an Actively Aging World
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-01-14) World Bank
    The note first discusses the main pillars of financial securityat older ages before focusing on the status of contributory and noncontributory (orsocial) pension systems in developing countries. It highlights worrying under-coverage ofcontributory pension systems in the face of persistent labor market informality, as well asthe rise of social pensions and innovative informal sector matching schemes in response,and the trade-offs between coverage, adequacy and sustainability of pension systems. Itthen reviews World Bank support on the old age financial protection agenda, includingdifferent forms of budget support and investment lending, policy advisory and analyticalwork, capacity building and technical assistance (TA), and convening. It concludes bynoting the need to broaden the policy dialogue to wider dimensions of old age financialwell-being, as well as innovating with public sector and market instruments which candiversify sources of financial security at older ages.
  • Publication
    Latin America and the Caribbean Economic Review, October 2024: Taxing Wealth for Equity and Growth
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-09) Maloney, William; Zambrano, Jorge Andres; Vuletin, Guillermo; Beylis, Guillermo; Garriga, Pablo
    The report highlights the progress made on inflation and, despite some resistance in the last mile, the resulting fall in interest rates that will ease pressures on debt service and investment. However, growth is projected to remain low, debt remains high, private and public investment is depressed, and the region appears to be missing the boat on nearshoring FDI. The need to generate more fiscal space, reduce the high corporate tax burden, and mitigate persistent inequality have moved wealth taxes to center stage. But traditional wealth taxes on financial assets face challenges due to the ease of moving and hiding assets which will be difficult to control without elusive global coordination. A viable alternative is a tax on real estate which is less mobile, easier to track, and less of a distortionary burden on economic activity, given the low initial rates. Property taxes also have the potential to reduce the excessive dependence of subnational governments on federal transfers. For property taxes to play a greater role, there must be improvements in property valuation which can be engineered through the use of digital platforms and centralized land registries.
  • Publication
    Manual de Analítica Gubernamental
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-26) Rogger, Daniel; Schuster, Christian
    El Manual de Analítica Gubernamental (Government Analytics Handbook) presenta evidencia innovadora e ideas de profesionales sobre cómo aprovechar los datos para fortalecer la administración pública. Abarca una amplia gama de fuentes de microdatos —como datos administrativos y encuestas de empleados públicos—, así como herramientas y recursos para realizar los análisis, para transformar la capacidad de los gobiernos para adoptar un enfoque basado en datos para diagnosticar y mejorar el funcionamiento de las organizaciones públicas. Esta versión ha sido traducida por el Centro Latinoamericano de Administración para el Desarrollo (CLAD) y contiene una selección de siete capítulos que abordan temas fundamentales para América América Latina y el Caribe.
  • Publication
    Business Ready 2024
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-03) World Bank
    Business Ready (B-READY) is a new World Bank Group corporate flagship report that evaluates the business and investment climate worldwide. It replaces and improves upon the Doing Business project. B-READY provides a comprehensive data set and description of the factors that strengthen the private sector, not only by advancing the interests of individual firms but also by elevating the interests of workers, consumers, potential new enterprises, and the natural environment. This 2024 report introduces a new analytical framework that benchmarks economies based on three pillars: Regulatory Framework, Public Services, and Operational Efficiency. The analysis centers on 10 topics essential for private sector development that correspond to various stages of the life cycle of a firm. The report also offers insights into three cross-cutting themes that are relevant for modern economies: digital adoption, environmental sustainability, and gender. B-READY draws on a robust data collection process that includes specially tailored expert questionnaires and firm-level surveys. The 2024 report, which covers 50 economies, serves as the first in a series that will expand in geographical coverage and refine its methodology over time, supporting reform advocacy, policy guidance, and further analysis and research.
  • Publication
    Global Economic Prospects, January 2025
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-01-16) World Bank
    Global growth is expected to hold steady at 2.7 percent in 2025-26. However, the global economy appears to be settling at a low growth rate that will be insufficient to foster sustained economic development—with the possibility of further headwinds from heightened policy uncertainty and adverse trade policy shifts, geopolitical tensions, persistent inflation, and climate-related natural disasters. Against this backdrop, emerging market and developing economies are set to enter the second quarter of the twenty-first century with per capita incomes on a trajectory that implies substantially slower catch-up toward advanced-economy living standards than they previously experienced. Without course corrections, most low-income countries are unlikely to graduate to middle-income status by the middle of the century. Policy action at both global and national levels is needed to foster a more favorable external environment, enhance macroeconomic stability, reduce structural constraints, address the effects of climate change, and thus accelerate long-term growth and development.