Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21st Century

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8745

Publication:
Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21st Century

dc.contributor.author	Nicholls, Robert J.
dc.contributor.author	Hinkel, Jochen
dc.contributor.author	Lincke, Daniel
dc.contributor.author	van der Pol, Thomas
dc.date.accessioned	2019-02-21T15:36:24Z
dc.date.available	2019-02-21T15:36:24Z
dc.date.issued	2019-02
dc.description.abstract	Sea-level rise threatens low-lying areas around the world's coasts with increased coastal flooding during storms. One response to this challenge is to build or upgrade coastal flood defenses. This report examines the potential investment costs of such an adaptation strategy applied globally over the 21st century for sea-level rise scenarios consistent with three Representative Concentration Pathways and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. For all the protection models considered, much less than half of the world's coast is protected. The total defense costs are significantly higher than earlier estimates, amounting to as much as US$18.3 trillion. With cost-benefit analysis, there are large uncertainties and empirical observations of protection standards are limited. Hence, the estimates should be considered as indicative, and this remains an important topic for future research. Further, building defenses is not a one-off capital investment. Over the 21st century, the cost of a comprehensive protection strategy is dominated by maintenance costs in all the cases considered in this report. This indicates that in addition to capital investment, the development of appropriate institutions and governance mechanisms to deliver maintenance, as well as the necessary funding streams, are essential for such a protection-based adaptation strategy to be effective.	en
dc.identifier	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/433981550240622188/Global-Investment-Costs-for-Coastal-Defense-through-the-21st-Century
dc.identifier.doi	10.1596/1813-9450-8745
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10986/31308
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseries	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8745
dc.rights	CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holder	World Bank
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subject	SEA-LEVEL RISE
dc.subject	COASTAL FLOODING
dc.subject	ADAPTATION
dc.subject	CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
dc.subject	RISING SEA LEVELS
dc.subject	COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subject	PROTECTION BARRIER
dc.subject	FLOOD RISK
dc.title	Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21st Century	en
dc.type	Working Paper	en
dc.type	Document de travail	fr
dc.type	Documento de trabajo	es
dspace.entity.type	Publication
okr.crossref.title	Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21 st Century
okr.date.disclosure	2019-02-19
okr.doctype	Publications & Research
okr.doctype	Publications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurl	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/433981550240622188/Global-Investment-Costs-for-Coastal-Defense-through-the-21st-Century
okr.guid	433981550240622188
okr.identifier.doi	10.1596/1813-9450-8745
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum	090224b0869886d5_1_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum	30837461
okr.identifier.report	WPS8745
okr.imported	true	en
okr.language.supported	en
okr.pdfurl	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/433981550240622188/pdf/WPS8745.pdf	en
okr.statistics.combined	3135
okr.statistics.dr	433981550240622188
okr.statistics.drstats	2155
okr.topic	Environment::Adaptation to Climate Change
okr.topic	Environment::Marine Environment
okr.topic	Environment::Natural Disasters
okr.topic	Water Resources::Coastal and Marine Resources
okr.topic	Water Resources::Wetlands
okr.unit	Chief Economist office for Sustainable Development Practice Group
relation.isSeriesOfPublication	26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery	26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87