Publication:
The Development Impact of the Illegality of Drug Trade

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorKeefer, Philip
dc.contributor.authorLoayza, Norman V.
dc.contributor.authorSoares, Rodrigo R.
dc.date.accessioned2012-06-01T16:21:40Z
dc.date.available2012-06-01T16:21:40Z
dc.date.issued2008-02
dc.description.abstractThis paper reviews the unintended consequences of the war on drugs, particularly for developing countries, and weighs them against the evidence regarding the efficacy of prohibition to curb drug use and trade. It reviews the available evidence and presents new results that indicate that prohibition has limited effects on drug prevalence and prices, most likely indicating a combination of inelastic drug demand (due to its addictive properties) and elastic supply responses (due to black markets). This should turn the focus to the unintended consequences of drug prohibition. First, the large demand for drugs, particularly in developed countries, generates the possibility of massive profits to potential drug providers. This leads to the formation of organized crime groups, which use violence and corruption as their means of survival and expansion and which, in severe cases, challenge the state and seriously compromise public stability and safety. Second, prohibition and its derived illegal market impose greater costs on farmers than on drug traffickers. In many instances, this entails the transfer of wealth from poor peasants to rich (and ruthless) traders. Third, criminalization can exacerbate the net health effects of drug use. These consequences are so pernicious that they call for a fundamental review of drug policy around the world.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9584783/development-impact-illegality-drug-trade
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4543
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6871
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4543
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABUSES
dc.subjectADDICTION
dc.subjectADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES
dc.subjectADVERSE SELECTION
dc.subjectADVERTISING
dc.subjectAGED
dc.subjectAGGRESSIVE
dc.subjectALCOHOL
dc.subjectALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectAMBASSADOR
dc.subjectARMED FORCES
dc.subjectASSAULT
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subjectBLACK MARKETS
dc.subjectCAFFEINE
dc.subjectCANNABIS
dc.subjectCARTEL
dc.subjectCENTRAL AMERICA
dc.subjectCENTRAL ASIAN
dc.subjectCOCAINE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCONFLICT
dc.subjectCONFLICT PREVENTION
dc.subjectCONSTRAINT
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION INCREASES
dc.subjectCONTAGIOUS DISEASES
dc.subjectCONTAINMENT
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCRACK
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectCRIME RATES
dc.subjectCRIMES
dc.subjectCRIMINAL
dc.subjectCRIMINAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectCRIMINAL ACTIVITY
dc.subjectCRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectCRIMINAL JUSTICE
dc.subjectCRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS
dc.subjectCRIMINALITY
dc.subjectCRIMINALS
dc.subjectDAMAGES
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDELINQUENCY
dc.subjectDEMAND ELASTICITY
dc.subjectDEMAND FUNCTION
dc.subjectDEMAND FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH
dc.subjectDRUG
dc.subjectDRUG ABUSE
dc.subjectDRUG CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectDRUG CONTROL PROGRAM
dc.subjectDRUG DEPENDENCY
dc.subjectDRUG SEIZURE
dc.subjectDRUG SEIZURES
dc.subjectDRUG TRADE
dc.subjectDRUG TRAFFICKERS
dc.subjectDRUG TRAFFICKING
dc.subjectDRUG USERS
dc.subjectDRUGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectECSTASY
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectEMBASSY
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITY
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFINISHED PRODUCT
dc.subjectFOREIGN POLICY
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectGANG
dc.subjectGANGS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REGULATION
dc.subjectGUERRILLA
dc.subjectGUERRILLAS
dc.subjectHARM REDUCTION
dc.subjectHEALTH EFFECTS
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEROIN
dc.subjectHIGH CRIME
dc.subjectILLICIT DRUG
dc.subjectILLICIT DRUG TRADE
dc.subjectILLICIT DRUGS
dc.subjectIMF
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME EFFECTS
dc.subjectINELASTIC DEMAND
dc.subjectINTERMEDIARIES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL SECURITY
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectLATIN AMERICAN
dc.subjectLAW ENFORCEMENT
dc.subjectLAWLESSNESS
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMICS
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARIJUANA
dc.subjectMARKET FORCES
dc.subjectMARKET POWER
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMEMBER STATES
dc.subjectMENTAL HEALTH
dc.subjectMIDDLE EAST
dc.subjectMIDDLEMEN
dc.subjectMILITARY PERSONNEL
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMURDER
dc.subjectNARCOTIC
dc.subjectNARCOTIC DRUG
dc.subjectNARCOTIC DRUGS
dc.subjectNARCOTICS
dc.subjectNARCOTICS CONTROL
dc.subjectNATIONS
dc.subjectNEEDLE EXCHANGE
dc.subjectNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectOBSERVERS
dc.subjectOFFENDERS
dc.subjectOFFENSE
dc.subjectOFFENSES
dc.subjectOFFICIAL CORRUPTION
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectORGANIZED CRIME
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPERSONALITY
dc.subjectPOLICE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGE
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRICE STRUCTURE
dc.subjectPRISON
dc.subjectPRISONERS
dc.subjectPRISONS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION INPUTS
dc.subjectPROPERTY CRIME
dc.subjectPROPERTY CRIMES
dc.subjectPSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPURCHASING
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectRECONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICE
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectRETAILING
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectSECURITY FORCES
dc.subjectSLUMS
dc.subjectSMOKING
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL NORMS
dc.subjectSOUTH AMERICA
dc.subjectSPREAD
dc.subjectSUBSTANCE ABUSE
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTE
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTES
dc.subjectSUPPLIER
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subjectSUPPLY COSTS
dc.subjectSURPLUSES
dc.subjectTACTICS
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTERRORISM
dc.subjectTOBACCO
dc.subjectTOBACCO CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectTOTAL COSTS
dc.subjectVIOLENCE
dc.subjectVIOLENT CRIME
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectWARS
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWEAPONS
dc.subjectWELFARE ECONOMICS
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT
dc.titleThe Development Impact of the Illegality of Drug Tradeen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaFragility, Conflict, and Violence
okr.crossref.titleThe Development Impact Of The Illegality Of Drug Trade
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:41:09.761125Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9584783/development-impact-illegality-drug-trade
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.guid830081468156895429
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4543
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20080623151241
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum9584783
okr.identifier.reportWPS4543
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/06/23/000158349_20080623151241/Rendered/PDF/wps4543.pdfen
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicConflict and Development::Post Conflict Reconstruction
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Markets and Market Access
okr.topicSocial Development::Crime and Society
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
wps4543.pdf
Size:
450.08 KB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
wps4543.txt
Size:
112.87 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download
Collections
Policy Research Working Papers