Publication:
Brazil : Inequality and Economic Development, Volume 1. Policy Report

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2013-07-29T21:26:27Z
dc.date.available2013-07-29T21:26:27Z
dc.date.issued2003-10
dc.description.abstractThe present Report is motivated by the coming together o f three widespread perceptions about inequality, two somewhat newer and one long-standing. The two newer ones are; (i) that inequality may matter for the country's economic development, and (ii) that public policy can and should do something about it. The old perception, which is well borne out b y the facts, is that Brazil occupies a position o f very high inequality in the international community. Therefore, this report tries to explain what makes Brazil so unequal and to what extent the interaction o f labor market forces and public policies -or the lack of them- contribute to this undesirable outcome. For instance, in what measure is social mobility becoming more independent o f family background thanks to progressive public policies in basic education, health and nutrition. Accordingly, the report is organized around three basic questions. The first section asks why inequality might matter for the country's economic development. Why it matters for poverty reduction, for social justice equality o f opportunities and social mobility, and for economic and political efficiency. The second section asks why Brazil is so unequal. It seeks a deeper understanding of what lies behind Brazil's position as one of the most unequal countries in the world, as shown in typical international comparisons, the dynamics of income inequality, and the magnitude of inequality across regions, racial groups, and gender. Then, it attempts to shed light on why this may be so. It investigates the causes of Brazil's excess inequality in four dimensions: the distribution of assets - human and nonhuman-, the price of those assets, the behavioral difference in the labor market and fertility, and, finally, the distribution of state transfers and entitlements - public expenditure and taxation-. The third section asks whether there is a role for public action aimed at reducing inequalities, and considers some lessons from theory and evidence on the relative effectiveness of alternative approaches. First, it considers how the provision of education might affect not only the distribution of human assets in the long run but the relative prices of human capital for different levels of skill. Second it examines how public policy toward rural land use must take into account inefficiencies that are closely linked to inequities of land distribution. Finally, it investigates how taxation and public expenditure policies reduce income inequality and inequality of access to basic social services. The fourth section concludes.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/10/2803901/brazil-inequality-economic-development-vol-1-2-policy-report
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/14653
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/14653
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectSOCIAL JUSTICE
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEQUAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectEQUAL ACCESS
dc.subjectEQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW
dc.subjectINEQUITIES IN RELIEF DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectSOCIAL EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEQUITY IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectACCESS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectRACIAL DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectRACIAL SEGREGATION
dc.subjectEQUITABLE ACCESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIATION
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectRURAL LAND USE
dc.subjectTAX POLICY
dc.subjectPENSION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHOUSING AFFORDABILITY
dc.subjectREGRESSIVE TAXES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT SKILLS ASSET DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOME
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS
dc.subjectCREDIT PROGRAMS
dc.subjectDATA SET
dc.subjectDATA SETS
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
dc.subjectDIVIDENDS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectECONOMISTS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL FINDINGS
dc.subjectENTITLEMENTS
dc.subjectEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE POLICIES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL COSTS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHIGH INCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectHIGH INEQUALITY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOMES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectINCOME DISPARITIES
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME SHARE
dc.subjectINCOME TAXATION
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY REDUCTION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
dc.subjectINTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR INCOME
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLAND INEQUALITY
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIVING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectLONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE
dc.subjectLOW INCOME
dc.subjectMARKET INCOMES
dc.subjectOLD AGE
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPERSISTENT INEQUALITY
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectPOPULATION SHARE
dc.subjectPOVERTY INCIDENCE
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASURES
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROGRAMS
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICIES
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSFERS
dc.subjectQUALITY GROWTH
dc.subjectREDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT
dc.subjectREDUCING INEQUALITY
dc.subjectREDUCING POVERTY
dc.subjectREGIONAL DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectREGRESSIVE TRANSFERS
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICES
dc.subjectRELATIVE WAGES
dc.subjectSECTOR EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectSKILL LEVEL
dc.subjectSKILL PREMIUM
dc.subjectSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL MOBILITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICIES
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROGRAMS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROGRESS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL SPENDING
dc.subjectTARGETING
dc.subjectTAX RATES
dc.subjectTAX REFORM
dc.subjectTAX REFORMS
dc.subjectTAX REVENUE
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectTRADEOFFS
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWELFARE EFFECTS
dc.subjectWELL-BEING
dc.titleBrazil : Inequality and Economic Development, Volume 1. Policy Reporten
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T10:13:12.609926Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Poverty Assessment
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/10/2803901/brazil-inequality-economic-development-vol-1-2-policy-report
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.guid456111468741923173
okr.guid106981468768828346
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000160016_20031125130940
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum2803901
okr.identifier.report24487
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/11/25/000160016_20031125130940/Rendered/PDF/244871BR10vol01.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeLatin America & Caribbean
okr.region.countryBrazil
okr.sectorPublic Administration, Law, and Justice :: General public administration sector
okr.sectorEducation :: General education sector
okr.sectorHealth and other social services :: Health
okr.sectorHealth and other social services :: Other social services
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Safety Nets and Transfers
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Poverty Impact Evaluation
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicServices and Transfers to Poor
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Inequality
okr.unitPoverty Sector (LCSPP)
okr.volume1 of 2
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