Publication:
The Role of Special Differential Treatment for Developing Countries in GATT and the World Trade Organization

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dc.contributor.authorMichalopoulos, Constantine
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-28T17:45:14Z
dc.date.available2014-08-28T17:45:14Z
dc.date.issued2000-07
dc.description.abstractThe author analyzes how changes in thinking about the role trade plays in economic development have been reflected in provisions affecting developing countries in the GATT and the WTO. He focuses on the provisions calling for the special and differential treatment of developing countries. The WTO's special, and differential treatment has been extended to include measures of technical assistance, and extended transition periods to enable countries to meet their commitments in new areas agreed on in the Uruguay round of negotiations. At the same time, many WTO provisions encourage industrial countries to give developing countries preferential treatment, through a variety of measures, none of them legally enforceable. The author concludes that weaknesses in the institutional capacity of many developing countries, provide a conceptual basis for continuing special, and differential treatment in the WTO, but that the benefits should be targeted only to low-income developing countries, and those that need help becoming integrated with the international trading system. In addition, an effective system of graduation, should be put in place for higher-income developing countries. Developing countries find it politically easier to argue, that all should be treated the same, except for least developed countries, although their capacities, and need for assistance differ vastly. Industrial countries are expected to provide special, and differential treatment, but in practice, their commitments on market access, preferential treatment, and technical assistance, are not enforceable. Leaving it up to the industrial countries to decide which developing countries get preferential treatment, invites extraneous considerations in determining who gets how much special treatment. Unless higher-income developing countries accept some type of graduated differentiation in their treatment (beyond that granted the least developed countries), there is little prospect of implementing meaningful, legally enforceable special, and differential treatment favoring all developing countries under the WTO.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/07/443620/role-special-differential-treatment-developing-countries-gatt-world-trade-organization
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2388
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/19819
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 2388
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAVERAGE TRADE
dc.subjectBALANCE OF PAYMENTS
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectCAPITAL GOODS
dc.subjectCOMMODITY EXPORTERS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONCEPTUAL BASIS
dc.subjectCONCESSIONS
dc.subjectCONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectCOUNTRY MARKETS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS UNIONS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS VALUATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PROCESS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
dc.subjectDISPUTE SETTLEMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectEXCHANGE CONTROLS
dc.subjectEXPORT STRUCTURE
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL IMBALANCES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL SHOCKS
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFREE ACCESS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AREAS
dc.subjectHIGH TRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectIMPACT OF TRADE
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectIMPROVED ACCESS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE INPUTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectLDCS
dc.subjectLESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLONG TERM
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMETALS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL AGREEMENT
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectOPEN TRADE REGIMES
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICY INSTRUMENTS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL ACCESS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL MARGIN
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TARIFF
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectPRICE FLUCTUATIONS
dc.subjectPRIMARY PRODUCTS
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectREAL INCOME
dc.subjectRECIPROCAL BASIS
dc.subjectRECIPROCITY
dc.subjectREDUCTION IN TARIFFS
dc.subjectRELATIVE IMPORTANCE
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICES
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectSHORT TERM
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectTARIFF CONCESSIONS
dc.subjectTARIFF PREFERENCES
dc.subjectTARIFF RATE
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE DISPUTE
dc.subjectTRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectTRADE OBJECTIVES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS
dc.subjectTRADE PREFERENCES
dc.subjectTRADE REGIME
dc.subjectTRADE REGIMES
dc.subjectTRADE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINTS
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWORLD TRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleThe Role of Special Differential Treatment for Developing Countries in GATT and the World Trade Organizationen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleThe Role of Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries in GATT and the World Trade Organization
okr.date.disclosure2000-08-31
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:52:21.615351Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/07/443620/role-special-differential-treatment-developing-countries-gatt-world-trade-organization
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid908021468766770206
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2388
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_00081505321046
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum443620
okr.identifier.reportWPS2388
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/08/26/000094946_00081505321046/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdfen
okr.sectorTrade
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Conditions and Volatility
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Policy
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Poverty Assessment
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Free Trade
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Rules of Origin
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Achieving Shared Growth
okr.unitTrade, Development Research Group
okr.volume1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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