Publication:
Carbon Price Efficiency : Lock-in and Path Dependence in Urban Forms and Transport Infrastructure

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dc.contributor.authorRentschler, Jun
dc.contributor.authorHallegatte, Stéphane
dc.contributor.authorAvner, Paolo
dc.date.accessioned2014-06-30T16:57:25Z
dc.date.available2014-06-30T16:57:25Z
dc.date.issued2014-06
dc.description.abstractThis paper investigates the effect of carbon or gasoline taxes on commuting-related CO2 emissions in an urban context. To assess the impact of public transport on the efficiency of the tax, the paper investigates two exogenous scenarios using a dynamic urban model (NEDUM-2D) calibrated for the urban area of Paris: (i) a scenario with the current dense public transport infrastructure, and (ii) a scenario without. It is shown that the price elasticity of CO2 emissions is twice as high in the short run if public transport options exist. Reducing commuting-related emissions thus requires lower (and more acceptable) tax levels in the presence of dense public transportation. If the goal of a carbon or gasoline tax is to change behaviors and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions (not to raise revenues), then there is an incentive to increase the price elasticity through complementary policies such as public transport development. The emission elasticity also depends on the baseline scenario and is larger when population growth and income growth are high. In the longer run, elasticities are higher and similar in the scenarios with and without public transport, because of larger urban reconfiguration in the latter scenario. These results are policy relevant, especially for fast-growing cities in developing countries. Even for cities where emission reductions are not a priority today, there is an option value attached to a dense public transport network, since it makes it possible to reduce emissions at a lower cost in the future.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19705748/carbon-price-efficiency-lock-in-path-dependence-urban-forms-transport-infrastructure
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6941
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/18829
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6941
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABSOLUTE LEVEL OF EMISSIONS
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectACCIDENTS
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR TRAVEL
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE FORMS OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILES
dc.subjectBUS
dc.subjectBUSES
dc.subjectCAR
dc.subjectCAR COST
dc.subjectCAR INDUSTRY
dc.subjectCAR TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectCAR TRANSPORT
dc.subjectCAR TRAVEL
dc.subjectCAR TRAVEL DEMAND
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON BUDGET
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSION
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON PRICE
dc.subjectCARBON TAX
dc.subjectCARBON TAXES
dc.subjectCARRIERS
dc.subjectCARS
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION
dc.subjectCOMMUTER MODE CHOICE
dc.subjectCOMMUTERS
dc.subjectCONVERGENCE
dc.subjectCOST OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectCOSTS OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectCROSS ELASTICITY
dc.subjectCROSS-ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectDECREASE IN EMISSIONS
dc.subjectDEMAND ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectDEMAND ELASTICITY
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR AUTOMOBILE FUEL
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR ROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR TRANSPORT
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION FUELS
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectDRIVING
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITIES OF ROAD TRAFFIC
dc.subjectELASTICITIES OF TRAVEL DEMAND
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF FUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectELASTICITY VALUES
dc.subjectELECTRIC VEHICLES
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectEMISSION
dc.subjectEMISSION LEVEL
dc.subjectEMISSION LEVELS
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION TARGET
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSION-REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORT
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subjectENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectENERGY POLICY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL TAXES
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFINANCE INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL BURDEN
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectFUEL ECONOMY
dc.subjectFUEL EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectFUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLES
dc.subjectFUEL PRICE
dc.subjectFUEL PRICE ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectFUEL PRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subjectFUEL PRICE INCREASE
dc.subjectFUEL PRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectFUEL PRICES
dc.subjectFUEL TAXATION
dc.subjectFUEL TAXES
dc.subjectFUEL-EFFICIENT VEHICLES
dc.subjectGASOLINE
dc.subjectGASOLINE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRICE
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRICES
dc.subjectGASOLINE TAX
dc.subjectGASOLINE TAXES
dc.subjectGHG
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subjectHYBRID CARS
dc.subjectIMPACT OF ROAD PRICING
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURES
dc.subjectINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
dc.subjectJOURNEY
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLOCAL AIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectLONG RUN ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectLONG-TERM ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectLONG-TERM ELASTICITY
dc.subjectLOW-CARBON
dc.subjectMARGINAL ABATEMENT
dc.subjectMARGINAL ABATEMENT COST
dc.subjectMEANS OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectMOBILITY
dc.subjectMODAL CHOICE
dc.subjectMODAL SHARE
dc.subjectMODAL SHIFT
dc.subjectMODAL SPLIT
dc.subjectMODE OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectNEGATIVE IMPACT
dc.subjectNEIGHBORHOODS
dc.subjectNOISE
dc.subjectNUCLEAR ENERGY
dc.subjectPASSENGERS
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITIES
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY OF GASOLINE
dc.subjectPRICE INCENTIVES
dc.subjectPRICE OF FUEL
dc.subjectPRICE OF GASOLINE
dc.subjectPRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLE
dc.subjectPRIVATE VEHICLES
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSIT
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSIT NETWORK
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT ALTERNATIVES
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT MODES
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORKS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT PROVISION
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICE
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT USAGE
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT USE
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectREBATES
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD CONGESTION
dc.subjectROAD TRAFFIC
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectROUTE
dc.subjectSCENARIOS
dc.subjectSOCIAL COST OF CARBON
dc.subjectSPRAWL
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX REVENUE
dc.subjectTRAFFIC DEMAND
dc.subjectTRAFFIC ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectTRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY
dc.subjectTRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSIT SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSIT USAGE
dc.subjectTRANSIT USE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT CHOICES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT DEMAND
dc.subjectTRANSPORT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT EMISSIONS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT IMPACTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MODE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT POLICIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT POLICY
dc.subjectTRANSPORT PRICE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION EMISSIONS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION NETWORKS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION RESEARCH
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSPORTS
dc.subjectTRAVEL BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectTRAVEL DISTANCES
dc.subjectTRAVEL MODE
dc.subjectTRAVEL OPTIONS
dc.subjectTRIP
dc.subjectTRIPS
dc.subjectURBAN SPRAWL
dc.subjectURBAN SYSTEMS
dc.subjectURBAN TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectVEHICLE
dc.subjectVEHICLE FLEET
dc.subjectVEHICLES
dc.subjectWALKING
dc.titleCarbon Price Efficiency : Lock-in and Path Dependence in Urban Forms and Transport Infrastructureen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaClimate Change
okr.crossref.titleCarbon Price Efficiency: Lock-in and Path Dependence in Urban Forms and Transport Infrastructure
okr.date.disclosure2014-06-15
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:15:53.942006Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19705748/carbon-price-efficiency-lock-in-path-dependence-urban-forms-transport-infrastructure
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.guid127321468325274125
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6941
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20140624112518
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum19705748
okr.identifier.reportWPS6941
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/06/24/000158349_20140624112518/Rendered/PDF/WPS6941.pdfen
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Climate Change Economics
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy and Planning
okr.topicTransport and Environment
okr.topicUrban Development::Transport in Urban Areas
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitUrban Development and Resilience Unit, Urban Disaster and Risk Management Department; and Office of the Chief Economist, Climate Change Group
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication30005afb-5036-51b6-b3fb-626d539c298a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2fea2b63-4a74-5fbd-b964-71ef895df009
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationaba5095c-0b26-4b6b-a711-2f6efb69a279
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery2fea2b63-4a74-5fbd-b964-71ef895df009
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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