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Improving Access to Medicines in Developing Countries : Application of New Institutional Economics to the Analysis of Manufacturing and Distribution Issues

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dc.contributor.authorAttridge, C. James
dc.contributor.authorPreker, Alexander S.
dc.date.accessioned2013-05-30T13:58:51Z
dc.date.available2013-05-30T13:58:51Z
dc.date.issued2005-03
dc.description.abstractThis paper examines alternative frameworks for empirical analysis of supply side activities, namely, the manufacture and distribution of medicine, through the application of New Institutional Economics (NIE) concepts. Attention is focused particularly upon the potential utility of ideas from agency theory, transaction cost analysis and contemporary ideas from strategy theory. The major purpose of this paper is to use these theoretical frameworks to provide insight for policy makers, when faced with specific situations, whether in an international agency, or a private company, or in defining a national strategy. The analysis attempts to show the importance of distinctions between ideas of 'make' or 'buy', between 'national self sufficiency' and 'international purchasing' strategies, the limitations of contractual agreements under market governance and the crucial linkages between strategy formulation, strategy implementation and the necessary capabilities to achieve successful performance in practice. The current international situation on the investment, location and capacity of pharmaceutical manufacturing is reviewed and likely future scenarios suggested. Correspondingly current patterns of trade in medicines and their likely development within the context of the WTO and bilateral trade agreements are discussed. Against this background the promise and the pitfalls for new forms of public-private partnerships, which may offer attractive alternatives to conventional structures are evaluated. The implications of alternative future strategic options for national governments in setting the balance between health and industrial policies are examined and in particular the extent to which a national manufacturing capability should be developed or sustained. Similarly the scope for improving low cost distribution systems for medicines, based upon a mix of public and private sector channels, is assessed. We conclude with suggestions for further development of a transaction-based framework.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/03/5734207/improving-access-medicines-developing-countries-application-new-institutional-economics-analysis-manufacturing-distribution-issues
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/13668
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/13668
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesHealth, Nutrition and Population (HNP) discussion paper;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectBOUNDED RATIONALITY
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE MARKETS
dc.subjectCOST ANALYSIS
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCOPE
dc.subjectECONOMISTS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectEXTERNALITY
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectGENERAL PRACTICE
dc.subjectGNP
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHIGH SECURITY
dc.subjectHIV/AIDS
dc.subjectHOSPITALS
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectINNOVATION
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectLABOR COSTS
dc.subjectLATIN AMERICAN
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC CONTEXT
dc.subjectMACROECONOMICS
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMARKET COMPETITION
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMEDICINES
dc.subjectMICROECONOMICS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectPARTNERSHIP
dc.subjectPATENTS/INTELLECTUAL
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLITICIANS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPROCUREMENT
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPROGNOSIS
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectQUALITY STANDARDS
dc.subjectRENT SEEKING
dc.subjectRENT SEEKING BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectnew institutional economics
dc.titleImproving Access to Medicines in Developing Countries : Application of New Institutional Economics to the Analysis of Manufacturing and Distribution Issuesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T12:32:17.055813Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/03/5734207/improving-access-medicines-developing-countries-application-new-institutional-economics-analysis-manufacturing-distribution-issues
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.guid218781468329486029
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000090341_20050414104054
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum5734207
okr.identifier.report32038
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/04/14/000090341_20050414104054/Rendered/PDF/320380AttridgeImprovingAccessFinal.pdfen
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Markets and Market Access
okr.topicHealth Economics and Finance
okr.unitHealth, Nutrition & Population
okr.volume1 of 1
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