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Dorband, Ira Irina

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Last updated: June 11, 2025
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Ira Irina Dorband is an economist at the World Bank. Her research applies quantitative and qualitative methods from macroeconomic modeling to expert interviews to analyze the interplay between climate and development policies, focusing on equity and political economy aspects. Her work focuses on developing novel global models and applied tools to provide policy support on the opportunities of low-carbon development for industries, workers, and consumers. Before joining the World Bank in 2020, she worked in climate policy research and consulting in Africa, Asia, and Europe. She is a PhD candidate at the Mercator Research Institute of Global Commons (MCC Berlin) and the Technical University of Berlin, and she holds a master’s degree from Duke University and the Free University of Berlin.

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    Within Reach: Navigating the Political Economy of Decarbonization
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-11-16) Hallegatte, Stéphane; Godinho, Catrina; Rentschler, Jun; Avner, Paolo; Dorband, Ira Irina; Knudsen, Camilla; Lemke, Jana; Mealy, Penny
    Despite global commitments made through the Paris Agreement in 2015 to combat climate change, their translation into national policies has been slow, raising concerns about the feasibility of achieving climate targets. While policies face many obstacles, the political economy is one of the primary impediments to climate action, and urgency to reduce emissions makes slow and gradual approach increasingly insufficient. The report attempts to identify key political economy barriers and explore options to address them through the 4i Framework, considering how institutions, interests, ideas, and influence affect the political economy. The report offers a practical guide to help countries address political economy barriers when implementing climate policies with three prongs: (1) Climate Governance: governments can adapt their institutional framework, in ways that fit with the pre-existing political economy and moving from opportunistic and unstable to strategic and stable climate institutions. Establishing strategic climate governance institutions – such as climate change framework laws, long-term strategies, or just transition frameworks - can alter the political economy, set clear objectives, improve coordination across actors, and improve the ability to monitor progress and hold decisionmakers accountable. (2) Policy Sequencing: policies can be prioritized and sequenced based on dynamic efficiency, considering not only the economic costs and benefits, but also their feasibility and long-term impact on the political economy. The Climate Policy Feasibility Frontier tool can help identify policies that can overcome short-term political economy obstacles, and at the same time improve capacities and change the political economy to facilitate further climate action. (3) Policy Design and Engagement, considers the effective implementation of climate reforms by tactically navigating political economy constraints. This involves engaging citizens to create process legitimacy and reducing and managing distributional effects, not only across but also within income groups.
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    Distributional and Health Co-Benefits of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reforms: Evidence from 35 Countries
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2023-04-13) Klaiber, Christoph; Rentschler, Jun; Dorband, Ira; Dorband, Ira Irina
    Governments around the world continue to subsidize fossil fuel use, incentivizing unsustainable consumption levels with consequences for the global climate and human health. However, governments have proven reluctant to reform fossil fuel subsidies (FFS). This is mainly due to concerns over potential adverse effects on poverty and equity; the positive effects on air quality and health are often overlooked. This study offers new insights on the distributional consumption incidence of FFS reforms and expected benefits through improved air quality and health outcomes. Using the World Bank-International Monetary Fund Climate Policy Assessment Tool, we conduct country-level analyses of a complete removal of domestic FFS, considering 19 countries for the distributional consumption analysis, and 25 countries for the health benefits analysis. Our findings suggest that across countries, the absolute consumption burden of FFS reform on the richest decile would be 13 times larger than on the lowest-income decile, supporting evidence that FFS are an extremely inefficient way of supporting lower-income groups. In relative terms, however, the disparity is much smaller, with the richest decile bearing a relative consumption burden that is just 1.1 times larger than that borne by the lowest-income decile. In terms of positive health effects, removing FFS in 25 countries could save a total of 360,000 lives by 2035. The magnitude of the health effect depends on country-specific factors, such as the size of initial subsidy programs, and the extent to which these cover the most polluting fuels. FFS reforms can be a first step in improving air quality and reducing the burden of disease associated with air pollution.