Penny Mealy is a senior economist at the World Bank, a research associate at the Institute for New Economic Thinking and the Oxford Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, an adjunct senior research fellow at SoDa Labs at the Monash Business School, and an external applied complexity fellow at the Santa Fe Institute. Her work applies various methods from complex systems and data science to analyze the interrelated challenges of climate change and economic development. Her research has developed novel, data-driven approaches for analyzing structural change, occupational mobility and the future of work, and the transition to the green economy. She has held various research fellow roles at the Oxford Martin School; the Oxford Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment; the Bennett Institute for Public Policy at Cambridge University; and SoDa Labs, Monash University. She has also frequently advised international organizations, governments, and businesses on green growth and development strategies. She completed a PhD at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at Oxford University.