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Devictor, Xavier

Fragility, Conflict and Violence
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Displacement, Economics, Development Strategy, Policy, Post-conflict issues, Conflict and fragile states
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Fragility, Conflict and Violence
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Last updated: January 31, 2023
Biography
Xavier Devictor is the Advisor for the Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group at the World Bank, leading work on forced displacement as a development challenge. He has broad experience across regions on country programs, strategy and policy dialogue, most recently as Country Manager for Poland and the Baltic Countries until 2014, and Country Program Coordinator for Egypt, Yemen and Djibouti from 2007-2011. He joined the Bank as a young professional. Earlier in his career, he was Program Manager for UNHCR in the former Yugoslavia, where he managed humanitarian programs including leading humanitarian convoys into conflict areas. He holds a Masters of Economics, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris.
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    The Globalization of Refugee Flows
    (Elsevier, 2021-01-21) Do, Quy-Toan; Devictor, Xavier; Levchenko, Andrei A.
    This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of refugees over 1987–2017 and establishes several stylized facts about refugees today compared with past decades. Refugees still predominantly reside in developing countries neighboring their country of origin. However, compared to past decades, refugees today (i) travel longer distances, (ii) are less likely to seek protection in a neighboring country, (iii) are less geographically concentrated, and (iv) are more likely to reside in a high-income OECD country. The findings bring new evidence to the debate on refugee responsibility-sharing.
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    The Globalization of Refugee Flows
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-04) Do, Quy-Toan; Devictor, Xavier; Levchenko, Andrei A.
    This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of refugees over 1987–2017 and establishes several stylized facts about refugees today compared with past decades. Refugees still predominantly reside in developing countries neighboring their country of origin. However, compared to past decades, refugees today (i) travel longer distances, (ii) are less likely to seek protection in a neighboring country, (iii) are less geographically concentrated, and (iv) are more likely to reside in a high-income OECD country. The findings bring new evidence to the debate on refugee responsibility-sharing.
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    How Many Years Have Refugees Been in Exile?
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-09) Do, Quy-Toan; Devictor, Xavier
    The estimated duration of forced displacement situations is a key parameter in defining an adequate response to the crisis. Where the crisis is short, humanitarian aid may suffice; when it lasts, development interventions are required. Using data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, this paper proposes propose a new approach to estimate the mean and median durations of exile, and their variations over time. The analysis finds that people who were refugees at the end of 2015 have been in exile for an average duration of 10.3 years and a median duration of 4 years; the average duration of exile has varied between 10 and 15 years since the late 1990s. The number of people who are in protracted situations (over five years) has been steady at 5 million to 7 million since the mid-1990s, and currently stands at 6.6 million. For those people, the average duration of exile is as long as 21.2 years. All these estimates are very sensitive to two situations: Afghanistan, where the crisis has been ongoing since 1979 and increases all averages, and the Syrian Arab Republic, which is relatively recent and lowers the averages.