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Vezza, Evelyn

Global Practice for Social Protection and Labor, The World Bank
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Labor markets; social protection
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0000-0003-3382-499X
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Global Practice for Social Protection and Labor, The World Bank
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Last updated: March 18, 2025
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2020 - 202512000 - 20191
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    Understanding Labor Market Demand in Real Time in Argentina and Uruguay
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-18) Vezza, Evelyn; Zunino, Gonzalo; Laguinge, Luis; Moroz, Harry; Apella, Ignacio Raúl; Spivack, Marla
    This paper explores how job vacancy data can enhance labor market information systems (LMISs) in Argentina and Uruguay where, as in many countries, data on in-demand skills is lacking. By analyzing job postings collected over four years in Argentina and Uruguay, this study assesses the potential of vacancy data to fill labor market data gaps. The findings reveal that vacancy data capture labor market dynamics across time and geography, showing a strong correlation with traditional labor market indicators such as employment and unemployment. However, the data are biased towards higher-skilled occupations. Despite these limitations, the large volume of postings allows for robust inferences and provides valuable insights into skills demand. The study presents three key applications of the data: 1) using postings as a leading indicator of labor market health; 2) identifying in-demand skills; and 3) mapping similarities between occupations to improve the information available to job counselors to provide advice about job transitions. Finally, the paper contributes methodologically by developing both a manually created skills taxonomy and an experimental machine learning approach to classifying skills. The machine learning method, while less comprehensive, highlights in-demand skills and can complement the manual approach by keeping it up to date with minimal input. Overall, the paper demonstrates the potential of job vacancy data to improve LMISs and inform labor market policies in Argentina and Uruguay with immediate practical applications for labor market analysis, skills development, and workforce training.
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    Beyond Contributory Pensions : Fourteen Experiences with Coverage Expansion in Latin America
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2015) Rofman, Rafael; Apella, Ignacio; Vezza, Evelyn; Rofman, Rafael; Apella, Ignacio; Vezza, Evelyn
    Latin America's population is aging, and many among the growing elderly population are not protected by traditional pension schemes. In response, policy makers have been reevaluating their income protection systems so that between 2000 and 2013, the majority of Latin American countries reformed their social pension schemes to provide near-universal coverage for the elderly. Before this unprecedented wave of reform, most income protection in Latin America was provided through contributory pensions available only to formal sector workers. Considering that informal and unpaid employment characterize labor force participation throughout the region, many elderly were left vulnerable to poverty. The new noncontributory pension programs have alleviated this risk. But countries are still evaluating how to best balance the need for inclusivity with the need for fiscal sustainability. This report examines recent reforms in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uruguay. All countries share the goal of comprehensive pension coverage, but each has unique political environments, social conditions, and economic capacities. Design and implementation of coverage expansion, consequently, has diverged. Comparing results across the region reveals which policies have yielded the most equitable and sustainable outcomes. Each chapter includes a comprehensive analysis of a country's reform experience: a description of significant political and economic developments, the challenges of implementing income protection policies, and prospects for the reforms' durability over time. This report represents a significant addition to the literature on income protection for the elderly.