Publication: What Drives the Transition to Modern Energy Cooking Services?: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
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Date
2021-02-19
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2021-02-19
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Some 4 billion people still cook with traditional polluting fuels and technologies. The adverse development impacts from households continued use of polluting stove-and-fuel combinations are significant. Transitioning this population to modern cooking services (MECS) - part of United Nation (UN) sustainable development goal 7 - remains a significant challenge. This report presents the findings of a systematic review of published evidence on demand- and supply-side drivers of and barriers to transitioning populations to MECS. The barriers and drivers identified include, but are not limited to, education levels and wealth status; peer influence and trust in stove information source; competition with existing fuels and technologies; and program design features, including technology, training, and after sales support. The report provides key recommendations for overcoming the challenges that inhibit large-scale transition to MECS: (i) better focused programs that consider the socioeconomic realities of the target groups, such as financial mechanisms that address affordability constraints; (ii) incorporating measures that concurrently tackle existing stove technologies and current fuel use practices that programs aim to displace; and (iii) address awareness creation as a separate MECS intervention, with public sector investments on this component.
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“Energy Sector Management Assistance Program. 2021. What Drives the Transition to Modern Energy Cooking Services?: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35199 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
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Publication The State of Access to Modern Energy Cooking Services(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-09-15)Progress towards ensuring access to modern cooking solutions, a key component to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), has been slow. Today, 2.8 billion people globally still cook with traditional polluting fuels and technologies, costing the world more than 2.4 trillion dollars each year, driven by adverse impacts on health (1.4 trillion dollars), climate (0.2 trillion dollars), and women (0.8 trillion dollars from lost productivity). Solutions to tackle this pressing development challenge must prioritize user preferences and local cooking contexts to address longstanding barriers to the adoption of modern cooking solutions. The report finds that four billion people around the world still lack access to clean, efficient, convenient, safe, reliable, and affordable cooking energy. To achieve universal access to modern energy cooking services (MECS) by 2030, it calls for actions to prioritize MECS access in global and national arenas, formalize cooking energy demand in national energy planning, and dramatically scale up public and private financing.Publication The State of Cooking Energy Access in Schools(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-01-09)Some 418 million children worldwide receive at least one school meal per day. However, in developing countries, most school meals are prepared using rudimentary, polluting biomass stove-and-fuel combinations, with unknown costs to the health of students and personnel, school finances, and the local environment. Scant data on the scale of the problem has limited the sector’s visibility, resulting in few investments being designed to meet the clean cooking needs of schools. The State of Cooking Energy Access in Schools: Insights from an Exploratory Study - a joint product of the World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) and the World Food Programme (WFP) - uses primary and secondary data to examine the issue in schools of low- and middle-income countries, with a strong focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, where the access deficit is highest; findings from other regions, where available, are also synthesized. The findings reveal an urgent need to raise awareness among all stakeholder groups, generate reliable sector statistics, and promote cross-sector collaboration. Key recommended actions include stepping up governments’ role, leveraging lessons from the household cooking sector, and harnessing the institutional advantages of schools. The report will be of interest to government policy makers, development organizations, and sector practitioners.Publication Search for Clean Cooking Energy(Washington, DC, 2022-12)About two-fifths of the developing world lacked access to clean cooking energy services in 2020. Bottled gas is a clean cooking fuel but is subject to large price volatility and not affordable for many. Electricity is safe and convenient but may not be reliable or affordable. Densified wood pellets in advanced combustion stoves offer an alternative but require careful handling to achieve clean combustion. This brief reviews the pros and cons of these predominant forms of clean cooking energy, focusing on bottled gas.Publication Cooking with Electricity(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-09-21)Cooking with electricity could make a significant contribution to achieving Sustainable Development Goal No.7 by simultaneously enabling cost-effective access to modern energy and clean cooking, and proposing the steps needed to realize this opportunity. Five case studies are presented, comparing the current and projected costs to the consumer of a range of electric cooking (eCooking) solutions with current expenditures on cooking fuels. The findings show that eCooking can be a cost-effective option for some consumers in both off-grid and grid-connected settings and is likely to become increasingly viable in the near future. The use of energy efficient eCooking appliances can challenge the widespread perception that electricity is too expensive for cooking in developing country contexts. Innovative financing and delivery models are vital in making eCooking devices affordable. This will hinge upon private sector willingness—in particular solar companies, mini grid operators, and utilities—to adopt the technology as part of the services offered to customers. Unlocking these emerging opportunities could enable transformative impact for the 2.8 billion people still cooking with biomass. This will take concerted global effort to create an enabling environment that can facilitate the integration of electric cooking into electrification planning and renewable energy investments.Publication Uganda Clean Cooking Behavioral Diagnostic(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019)This report integrates primary and secondary research with COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behavior) theoretical framework for understanding and effecting behavior change and consumer decisions on usage of efficient biomass stoves. Organized around seven themes — awareness, consumer finance, trust, access, understanding, product features, and gender — the report presents the outcomes of stakeholder interviews, consumer focus groups, and household surveys aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the factors that determine perception of improved stoves and drive consumer decisions. It then proposes behavioral levers that the authors believe may increase the likelihood of uptake of efficient stoves and that can be ultimately used to maximize effectiveness of marketing by the private sector, design awareness campaigns, and sharpen the focus of development projects. The report primarily focuses on issues around improvement of biomass fuel usage efficiency and does not directly consider alternate cooking solutions, which might merit a more comprehensive review.
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