Publication: Competitive Cities : Reshaping the Economic Geography of Romania
dc.contributor.author | World Bank | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2014-04-01T19:25:09Z | |
dc.date.available | 2014-04-01T19:25:09Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2013-12-26 | |
dc.description.abstract | This document examines the geographic distribution of employed individuals across Romania, the implications, and recommendations. Under optimal conditions, cities concentrate economic resources and human talent in a virtuous cycle of increasing urbanization that generates a diverse range of opportunities, enabling people to find better-paying jobs, companies to recruit employees with the right set of skills, and capital and ideas to flow across space more efficiently. The benefits of agglomeration kick in rapidly, increasing the attraction of cities as living and working spaces. However, in the short term, uneven development across regions is both a normal and an inevitable phenomenon. Regrettably, many policymakers tend to resist growing internal divergence, trying to artificially spread the benefits of growth evenly across space. In practice, however, such policies rarely have the intended effects, often wasting resources and slowing down the economy. The basic solution for lagging areas is instead to connect people living there to opportunities in growing cities and offer them access to basic infrastructure for encouraging short-term working mobility and discouraging depopulation/ peremptory migration in favor of intra- and inter-county commuting. In the long run, convergence in living standards will occur as benefits from leading areas spill over to surrounding communities and people who had left lagging areas bring back capital, jobs, and ideas. | en |
dc.identifier | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/12/19060303/romania-competitive-cities-reshaping-economic-geography-romania-vol-1-2-full-report | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1596/17559 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17559 | |
dc.language | English | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | |
dc.publisher | Washington, DC | |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | Romania regional development program; | |
dc.rights | CC BY 3.0 IGO | |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ | |
dc.subject | ACCESSIBILITY | |
dc.subject | AGRICULTURE | |
dc.subject | AIR | |
dc.subject | AIRPORT | |
dc.subject | AIRPORTS | |
dc.subject | AUTOMOBILES | |
dc.subject | BACKBONE | |
dc.subject | BASIC EDUCATION | |
dc.subject | BIKE PATHS | |
dc.subject | BRIDGE | |
dc.subject | BUS | |
dc.subject | BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT | |
dc.subject | CAPITAL INVESTMENT | |
dc.subject | CAPITAL INVESTMENTS | |
dc.subject | CAR | |
dc.subject | CARPENTERS | |
dc.subject | CARS | |
dc.subject | CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIES | |
dc.subject | CITY POPULATION | |
dc.subject | CLERKS | |
dc.subject | COMMODITIES | |
dc.subject | COMPETITIVENESS | |
dc.subject | CONNECTIVITY | |
dc.subject | CONSUMERS | |
dc.subject | CYCLE OF POVERTY | |
dc.subject | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | |
dc.subject | DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES | |
dc.subject | DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY | |
dc.subject | DISCRIMINATION | |
dc.subject | DOG WALKERS | |
dc.subject | DRIVERS | |
dc.subject | DRIVING | |
dc.subject | DRIVING TIME | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC ACTIVITY | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC BENEFITS | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC COOPERATION | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC EXPANSION | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC GROWTH | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC RESEARCH | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC SECTORS | |
dc.subject | ECONOMIC THEORY | |
dc.subject | ECOSYSTEM | |
dc.subject | ELECTRIC CARS | |
dc.subject | ELECTRICITY | |
dc.subject | EMPLOYMENT | |
dc.subject | ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS | |
dc.subject | EXPORT MARKETS | |
dc.subject | EXPORTS | |
dc.subject | FARES | |
dc.subject | FERTILITY | |
dc.subject | FERTILITY RATE | |
dc.subject | FEWER PEOPLE | |
dc.subject | FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY | |
dc.subject | FLOWS OF PEOPLE | |
dc.subject | FORMAL EDUCATION | |
dc.subject | FREIGHT TRAFFIC | |
dc.subject | FUEL | |
dc.subject | GDP | |
dc.subject | GDP PER CAPITA | |
dc.subject | GLOBAL ECONOMY | |
dc.subject | GLOBAL MARKET | |
dc.subject | GLOBAL MARKETS | |
dc.subject | GLOBALIZATION | |
dc.subject | GREENHOUSE GAS | |
dc.subject | GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS | |
dc.subject | GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT | |
dc.subject | GROWTH RATE | |
dc.subject | GROWTH THEORY | |
dc.subject | HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE | |
dc.subject | HEALTH SERVICES | |
dc.subject | HIGH-SPEED RAIL | |
dc.subject | HIGHWAY | |
dc.subject | HIGHWAYS | |
dc.subject | HOUSEHOLD SIZE | |
dc.subject | HUMAN CAPITAL | |
dc.subject | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | |
dc.subject | ILLITERACY | |
dc.subject | ILLITERACY RATE | |
dc.subject | INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION | |
dc.subject | INDUSTRIALIZATION | |
dc.subject | INFANT | |
dc.subject | INFANT MORTALITY | |
dc.subject | INFANT MORTALITY RATE | |
dc.subject | INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY | |
dc.subject | INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT | |
dc.subject | INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT | |
dc.subject | INNOVATION | |
dc.subject | INNOVATIONS | |
dc.subject | INVESTMENT IN ROADS | |
dc.subject | KNOWLEDGE INDUSTRIES | |
dc.subject | LABOR FORCE | |
dc.subject | LABOR MARKET | |
dc.subject | LABOR MOBILITY | |
dc.subject | LABOR PRODUCTIVITY | |
dc.subject | LABOR STATISTICS | |
dc.subject | LARGE CITIES | |
dc.subject | LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT | |
dc.subject | LIVING STANDARDS | |
dc.subject | LOCAL AUTHORITIES | |
dc.subject | LOCAL DEVELOPMENT | |
dc.subject | LOCAL ECONOMY | |
dc.subject | LOCALIZATION | |
dc.subject | MANUFACTURING | |
dc.subject | MARKET ECONOMIES | |
dc.subject | MARKET ECONOMY | |
dc.subject | MARKETING | |
dc.subject | MEANS OF TRANSPORT | |
dc.subject | MEDICAL DEVICES | |
dc.subject | MIGRANT | |
dc.subject | MIGRANTS | |
dc.subject | MIGRATION | |
dc.subject | MINORITY | |
dc.subject | MOBILITY | |
dc.subject | MODAL SPLIT | |
dc.subject | MOTORWAY NETWORK | |
dc.subject | MOTORWAYS | |
dc.subject | MULTIPLIER EFFECT | |
dc.subject | NATIONAL BORDERS | |
dc.subject | NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | |
dc.subject | NATIONAL ECONOMY | |
dc.subject | NATIONAL EXPENDITURES | |
dc.subject | NATIONAL POPULATION | |
dc.subject | NETWORK OF BIKE PATHS | |
dc.subject | NEW TECHNOLOGIES | |
dc.subject | NUMBER OF PEOPLE | |
dc.subject | NURSES | |
dc.subject | O&M | |
dc.subject | OCCUPATIONS | |
dc.subject | PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT | |
dc.subject | PASSENGER RAIL | |
dc.subject | PASSENGER TRANSPORT | |
dc.subject | PASSENGER-KILOMETER | |
dc.subject | PASSENGERS | |
dc.subject | PATENTS | |
dc.subject | PEDESTRIAN | |
dc.subject | PEDESTRIAN AREAS | |
dc.subject | PEDESTRIAN PATHS | |
dc.subject | PER CAPITA INCOME | |
dc.subject | PHYSICAL GOODS | |
dc.subject | POLICY MAKERS | |
dc.subject | POPULATION DECLINE | |
dc.subject | POPULATION DENSITIES | |
dc.subject | POPULATION DENSITY | |
dc.subject | POPULATION GROWTH | |
dc.subject | POPULATION INCREASES | |
dc.subject | POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION | |
dc.subject | PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP | |
dc.subject | PRIVATE SECTOR | |
dc.subject | PRODUCTION PROCESS | |
dc.subject | PRODUCTION PROCESSES | |
dc.subject | PRODUCTIVITY | |
dc.subject | PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH | |
dc.subject | PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES | |
dc.subject | PROGRESS | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC POLICY | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC SERVICE | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC SERVICES | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC TRANSPORT | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORKS | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION | |
dc.subject | PUBLIC UTILITY | |
dc.subject | QUALITY EDUCATION | |
dc.subject | QUALITY OF LIFE | |
dc.subject | R&D | |
dc.subject | RAIL | |
dc.subject | RAIL ACCESS | |
dc.subject | RAIL CONNECTIONS | |
dc.subject | RAIL FREIGHT | |
dc.subject | RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE | |
dc.subject | RAIL NETWORK | |
dc.subject | RAIL TRAFFIC | |
dc.subject | RAILWAY | |
dc.subject | REMITTANCE | |
dc.subject | REMITTANCES | |
dc.subject | RESPECT | |
dc.subject | RESULT | |
dc.subject | RESULTS | |
dc.subject | RICHER COUNTRIES | |
dc.subject | RING ROAD | |
dc.subject | ROAD | |
dc.subject | ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE | |
dc.subject | ROAD NETWORK | |
dc.subject | ROADS | |
dc.subject | RURAL AREAS | |
dc.subject | RURAL DEVELOPMENT | |
dc.subject | RURAL POPULATION | |
dc.subject | RURAL POVERTY | |
dc.subject | SANITATION | |
dc.subject | SERVICE DELIVERY | |
dc.subject | SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE | |
dc.subject | SHORT SUPPLY | |
dc.subject | SILICON | |
dc.subject | SKILLED WORKERS | |
dc.subject | SOFTWARE PROGRAMS | |
dc.subject | SPILLOVER | |
dc.subject | STRUCTURAL CHANGE | |
dc.subject | SUBURBS | |
dc.subject | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | |
dc.subject | SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH | |
dc.subject | SUSTAINABLE GROWTH | |
dc.subject | SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT | |
dc.subject | TAXATION | |
dc.subject | TERTIARY EDUCATION | |
dc.subject | TRADE BARRIERS | |
dc.subject | TRADE POLICIES | |
dc.subject | TRAFFIC | |
dc.subject | TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS | |
dc.subject | TRAMWAY | |
dc.subject | TRANSIT | |
dc.subject | TRANSPORT | |
dc.subject | TRANSPORT COSTS | |
dc.subject | TRANSPORT MODES | |
dc.subject | TRANSPORT NETWORK | |
dc.subject | TRAVEL TIME | |
dc.subject | TRAVEL TIMES | |
dc.subject | TRUE | |
dc.subject | UNEMPLOYED | |
dc.subject | URBAN AREAS | |
dc.subject | URBAN CENTER | |
dc.subject | URBAN CENTERS | |
dc.subject | URBAN DEVELOPMENT | |
dc.subject | URBANISM | |
dc.subject | URBANIZATION | |
dc.subject | USES | |
dc.subject | VEHICLE | |
dc.subject | VICIOUS CYCLE | |
dc.subject | WAGE DISTRIBUTION | |
dc.subject | WAGES | |
dc.subject | WAR | |
dc.subject | WOMAN | |
dc.subject | WORKFORCE | |
dc.title | Competitive Cities : Reshaping the Economic Geography of Romania | en |
dc.title.alternative | Orase competitive : remodelarea geografiei economice a Romaniei | en |
dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
okr.associatedcontent | http://youtu.be/2bGdH76BVD4 Video - Economic Growth in Romania | |
okr.associatedcontent | http://youtu.be/HjeBsUz9uwA Video - Market Forces Shaping Development in Romania | |
okr.associatedcontent | http://youtu.be/8c9qr3ol2co Video - Competitive Cities, Engine of Romania's Economic Development | |
okr.associatedcontent | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i16PU9Bvb-A Video - Integration of Marginalized Communities | |
okr.crosscuttingsolutionarea | Jobs | |
okr.date.disclosure | 2014-02-21 | |
okr.date.doiregistration | 2025-05-05T11:34:51.514069Z | |
okr.doctype | Publications & Research::Working Paper | |
okr.doctype | Publications & Research | |
okr.docurl | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/12/19060303/romania-competitive-cities-reshaping-economic-geography-romania-vol-1-2-full-report | |
okr.globalpractice | Macroeconomics and Fiscal Management | |
okr.globalpractice | Transport and ICT | |
okr.globalpractice | Social Protection and Labor | |
okr.globalpractice | Transport and ICT | |
okr.globalpractice | Health, Nutrition, and Population | |
okr.globalpractice | Trade and Competitiveness | |
okr.guid | 664361468093270286 | |
okr.guid | 324191468293735546 | |
okr.guid | 853171468093269951 | |
okr.guid | 167271468092363990 | |
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum | 000456286_20140220151016 | |
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum | 19060303 | |
okr.identifier.report | 84324 | |
okr.language.supported | en | |
okr.pdfurl | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/02/20/000456286_20140220151016/Rendered/PDF/843240v10Full00s0Box382123B00OUO070.pdf | en |
okr.region.administrative | Europe and Central Asia | |
okr.region.country | Romania | |
okr.sector | Public Administration, Law, and Justice :: General public administration sector | |
okr.sector | Transportation | |
okr.theme | Economic management :: Analysis of economic growth | |
okr.theme | Economic management :: Other economic management | |
okr.theme | Urban development :: Access to urban services and housing | |
okr.theme | Urban development :: Municipal finance | |
okr.theme | Urban development :: Other urban development | |
okr.topic | Transport Economics Policy and Planning | |
okr.topic | Health, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies | |
okr.topic | Social Protections and Labor::Labor Policies | |
okr.topic | Economic Theory and Research | |
okr.topic | Private Sector Development::E-Business | |
okr.topic | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth | |
okr.topic | Transport | |
okr.unit | Social Development (ECSSO) | |
okr.volume | 1 of 2 |
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