Publication:
Gender and Rural Non-farm Entrepreneurship

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dc.contributor.authorCosta, Rita
dc.contributor.authorRijkers, Bob
dc.date.accessioned2012-06-29T22:04:05Z
dc.date.available2012-06-29T22:04:05Z
dc.date.issued2012-05
dc.description.abstractDespite their increasing prominence in policy debates, little is known about gender inequities in non-agricultural labor market outcomes in rural areas. Using matched household-enterprise-community data sets from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka, this paper documents and analyzes gender differences in the individual portfolio choice and productivity of non-farm entrepreneurship. Except for Ethiopia, women are less likely than men to become nonfarm entrepreneurs. Women's nonfarm entrepreneurship isn't strongly correlated with household composition or educational attainment, but is especially prevalent amongst women who are the head of their household. Female-led firms are much smaller and less productive on average, though gender differences in productivity vary dramatically across countries. Mean differences in log output per worker suggest that male firms are roughly 10 times as productive as female firms in Bangladesh, three times as those in Ethiopia and twice as those in Sri Lanka. By contrast, no significant differences in labor productivity were detected in Indonesia. Differences in output per worker are overwhelmingly accounted for by sorting by sector and size. They can't be explained by differences in capital intensity, human capital or the local investment climate, nor by increasing returns to scale.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/05/16259998/gender-rural-non-farm-entrepreneurship
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6066
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/9353
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 6066
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO CAPITAL
dc.subjectACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectADOLESCENT FERTILITY
dc.subjectADULT LITERACY
dc.subjectADULT WOMEN
dc.subjectADVISORY SERVICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectBUSINESS ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectBUSINESS CREDIT MARKET
dc.subjectBUSINESS ECONOMICS
dc.subjectBUSINESS ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCOUNT
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCARTEL
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL BANK
dc.subjectCOMMUNITIES
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY SURVEYS
dc.subjectCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectCREDIT INSTITUTION
dc.subjectCREDIT PROVIDERS
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectCULTURAL NORMS
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDESCRIPTION
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISTRICTS
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC PROSPERITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectEDUCATED MEN
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEFFECTS OF GENDER
dc.subjectELDERLY
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYER
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectENGEL CURVES
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY FARM
dc.subjectFARM ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectFARM ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectFARMER
dc.subjectFEDERAL RESERVE
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectFEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectFIGHT AGAINST POVERTY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
dc.subjectFOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ASYMMETRIES
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCE
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DIMENSIONS
dc.subjectGENDER DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectGENDER DISPARITIES
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER EQUITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS
dc.subjectGENDER IMPACT
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUITIES
dc.subjectGENDER NORMS
dc.subjectGENDER PARITY
dc.subjectGENDER RELATIONS
dc.subjectGENDER SEGREGATION
dc.subjectGLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectGROUP OF FIRMS
dc.subjectHEAD OF HOUSEHOLD
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHOTELS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CHORES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD LEVEL
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectINFORMATION ON ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE SURVEYS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOUR OFFICE
dc.subjectLAND RIGHTS
dc.subjectLEASING
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMICS
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMARRIED COUPLES
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WORKERS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOBSTACLES TO GROWTH
dc.subjectOCCUPATION
dc.subjectOLD AGE
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectPHYSICAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectPHYSICAL INTEGRITY
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPROFITABILITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROPORTION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectREAL ESTATE
dc.subjectRENTING
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRURAL AREA
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL BANK
dc.subjectRURAL BUSINESS
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRURAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATION
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectSELF EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSHOPS
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESS
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESS CREDIT
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESS LOAN
dc.subjectSMALL ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectSON PREFERENCE
dc.subjectSOURCE OF INCOME
dc.subjectSPOUSE
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectUNDP
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATION
dc.subjectURBAN POVERTY
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectVILLAGE LEVEL
dc.subjectWAGE RATES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectWDR
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWIDOWS
dc.subjectWOMEN BUSINESS OWNERS
dc.subjectWOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
dc.titleGender and Rural Non-farm Entrepreneurshipen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titleGender and Rural Non-Farm Entrepreneurship
okr.date.disclosure2012-05-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:59:19.427723Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/05/16259998/gender-rural-non-farm-entrepreneurship
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid164421468325151270
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6066
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20120508102347
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum16259998
okr.identifier.reportWPS6066
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/05/08/000158349_20120508102347/Rendered/PDF/WPS6066.pdfen
okr.sectorIndustry and trade :: General industry and trade sector
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicHousing and Human Habitats
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.topicCommunities and Human Settlements
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.unitDECRG: Macroeconomics & Growth (DECMG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublicatione2023549-6161-5735-a342-0381b2b7571a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye2023549-6161-5735-a342-0381b2b7571a
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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