Publication:
Educated Workers and Managers in the EU-27

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dc.contributor.authorAmin, Mohammad
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-03T19:55:47Z
dc.date.available2025-03-03T19:55:47Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-03
dc.description.abstractThis Brief highlights issues related to the education and skill level of workers and top managers in firms in 27 European Union countries (the EU-27), using the World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES). The exercise is an important step toward understanding the use of skilled and adequately educated workers and top managers by a firm and its likely effects. The Brief identifies several factors at the NUTS2 region level and firm level that are correlated with the difficulty firms face in obtaining adequately educated workers as well as the skill level and education level of the workers and top managers. Somewhat surprisingly, income per inhabitant in the NUTS2 regions is not a strong predictor of the use of skilled and educated workers and top managers or firms’ reported difficulty in finding adequately educated workers. Several firm performance measures, such as labor productivity, employment growth, exporting, research and development (R&D), and management quality, are found to be correlated with the use of skilled and educated workers and top managers. Some of these correlations differ sharply between low and high levels of the outcome variables. There is evidence that training provided to workers by the firms is associated with less dispersion of labor productivity between firms, and greater use of skilled workers is associated with less dispersion of wage rates across firms. Overall, the Brief finds that starting at low-income levels in EU regions, policy focus needs to shift more toward ensuring the availability of adequately educated workers than on reducing other obstacles as the economy develops. This shifting of policy focus can stabilize after the economy is sufficiently developed.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099524002142524181
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/42895
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1596/42895
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/42895
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEnterprise Note; No. 43
dc.rightsCC BY-NC 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectLABOR
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectADEQUATE EDUCATION
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.titleEducated Workers and Managers in the EU-27en
dc.typeBrief
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2025-03-03
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-14T11:59:21.095165Z
okr.date.lastmodified2025-02-17T23:05:32Zen
okr.doctypeBrief
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099524002142524181
okr.guid099524002142524181
okr.identifier.docmidIDU-196bcb20-80c7-462d-a392-80abc3e9a8dc
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34456165
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34456165
okr.identifier.report197382
okr.import.id6756
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttps://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099524002142524181/pdf/IDU-196bcb20-80c7-462d-a392-80abc3e9a8dc.pdfen
okr.region.countryEuropean Union
okr.topicEducation::Education For All
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Financial Sector and Social Assistance
okr.unitDECEA - Enterprise Analysis-WB
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