Publication:
Poland 1999 Global Youth Tobacco Survey : Economic Aspects

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (537.3 KB)
179 downloads
English Text (172.35 KB)
48 downloads
Date
2004-09
ISSN
Published
2004-09
Editor(s)
Abstract
In 1999, Poland was one of the first countries to carry out the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and World Health Organization, a standardized school-based survey of teenage smoking behavior, attitudes, and knowledge. This report presents background information on smoking, and tobacco control policies in Poland, and simple descriptive statistics of the GYTS survey data. It focuses on the relationship between smoking behavior, cigarette prices, and other factors that can be affected by policies intended to reduce smoking in order to reduce the associated burden of disease, and premature death. Multiple regressions explore the factors that affect the decision to smoke, and the number of cigarettes that current smokers report smoking each month, and find that availability of pocket money, age, gender, living in a large town, advertising, counter-advertising, and disease-specific information on the effects of smoking all appear to be statistically significant. The analysis does not include the data needed to estimate price elasticity, but the survey suggests clearly that higher cigarette taxes that raise real prices, and certain tobacco control policies can reduce cigarette demand among teenage students in Poland.
Link to Data Set
Citation
Ross, Hana; Przewozniak, Krzysztof. 2004. Poland 1999 Global Youth Tobacco Survey : Economic Aspects. HNP Discussion Paper;. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13777 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Tobacco Control in Brazil
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2007-08) Jha, Prabhat; Iglesias, Roberto; Pinto, Márcia; da Costa e Silva, Vera Luiza; Godinho, Joana
    The objective of this study was to assess the smoking situation in Brazil, and the role of the tobacco control program, and compare it to experience in other countries. The study assessed key trends in smoking rates and lung cancer in Brazil, and reviewed price and non-price interventions. A discussion of fiscal instruments and smuggling is also included in this report. This study aimed at further evaluating the smoking situation in Brazil, the role of the tobacco control program in the country, and compares it to global best practice and experience in other countries. The study report is structured into three main parts: in the first chapter, trends in smoking prevalence, consumption, and cigarette expenditures in Brazil are reviewed, including the illegal market; in the second chapter, trends in lung cancer mortality and health care costs of smoking-related diseases in the country are analyzed; in the third chapter, non-price and price interventions are reviewed, including those taken by the Brazil tobacco control program, as well as the impact increases in cigarette prices and taxes would have on smoking prevalence and tax revenue. The report concludes with recommendations for further action to protect the Brazilian population from premature death and disease caused by smoking, and to reverse the negative impact of smoking on public expenditures.
  • Publication
    Towards a Political Economy of Tobacco Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-08) Bump, J.B.; Reich, M.R.; Adeyi, O.; Khetrapal, S.
    This study provides the basis for constructing a political economy of tobacco control in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The authors first undertook a literature review of tobacco control in LMICs to explore the forces that oppose the adoption, implementation, and enforcement of tobacco control strategies. The authors then used the sources collected to conduct a stakeholder analysis, as a first step in constructing a political economy of tobacco control in LMICs. The authors focused primarily at the international level because of the dominant role of transnational tobacco companies (TTCs). The author's review of the literature suggests four broad conclusions. First, a political economy approach has been applied only rarely as a formal analytical methodology in the literature on the tobacco control in LMICs. Second, even when the term "political economy" was used in a document, the paper typically did not explicitly conduct this kind of analysis and did not directly consider political strategies for advancing tobacco control. Third, translating the framework convention on tobacco control into tobacco use reductions at the national level is likely to require national-level political economy analyses to define political strategies appropriate to the particular national setting. Fourth, tobacco control's present and past is well documented, but analyses of future scenarios have focused on projections of health consequences and smoking trends. How TTCs will try to grow in the future has not been adequately addressed in the literature.
  • Publication
    Research on Tobacco in India (including the Betel Quid and Areca Nut) : An Annotated Bibliography of Research on Use, Health Effects, Economics, and Control Efforts
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2003-08) Stewart Ray, Cecily; Gupta, Prakash; de Beyer, Joy
    This report is a compilation of references and abstracts of all research on tobacco in India from 1985 to 2003. Studies are organized by subject matter, and within each sub-topic, are arranged by year of publication with most recent studies listed first, and for studies published in the same year, alphabetically by author's last name. The studies include tobacco use surveys, studies on tobacco-related mortality, tobacco-related diseases both cancerous and non-cancerous, according to body system and site, and other health problems associated with tobacco use and environmental tobacco smoke. Other topics include the toxicity of tobacco products, educational interventions and the psychology of tobacco use, tobacco control measures and policies, reports on tobacco advertising and sponsorship and research into the tobacco health hazards faced by tobacco workers. It also includes studies on tobacco employment, tobacco growing and technology, and the economics of tobacco. The following databases were searched: Pub Med, Medline, and J-Gate (a new Indian database). The keywords used for the searches were '(Tobacco OR smoking) AND India', as well as names of diseases known from international research findings to be associated with tobacco, 'AND India'. In some cases, reports were excluded if they were duplicative, or the methodology or findings were unclear.
  • Publication
    Progression of Tobacco Control Policies : Lessons from the United States and Implications for Global Action
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-05) Novotny, Thomas E.; Mamudu, Hadii M.
    This paper examines the historical experience of tobacco control in the last five decades and shares important lessons of public health interventions to inform current and future tobacco control programs in other countries. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part gives an overview of the political economy, principal influences and interventions in tobacco control in the United States. It stresses the importance of information shocks and the role played by grassroots organizations. The current situation of tobacco control in the United States is further discussed in the second part, with emphasis on the economic case that led to litigation, as well as the response of the industry and the States. The third part focuses on the present efforts of multilaterals like the World Bank, technical United Nation (UN) agencies such as the World Health Organization, in the context of the new global governance structure: the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The last section discusses lessons learned and provides recommendations for comprehensive tobacco control programs.
  • Publication
    Russia (Moscow) 1999 Global Youth Tobacco Survey : Economic Aspects
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2004-09) Ross, Hana
    The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), supported by the US Centers for Disease Prevention and Control and the World Health Organization, was carried out in Moscow in 1999. Russia was one of the first of many countries to implement this standardized school-based survey of teenage smoking behavior, attitudes and knowledge. This report presents background information on smoking and tobacco control policies in Russia. It presents simple descriptive statistics of the GYTS survey data, focusing especially on the relationship between smoking behavior, cigarette prices, and other factors that can be affected by policies intended to reduce smoking, to reduce associated disease and premature deaths. Multiple regressions explore the factors that affect the decision to smoke, and the number of cigarettes that current smokers report smoking each month. The estimates suggest that higher prices are associated with lower smoking prevalence and fewer cigarettes smoked each month. Other factors with a statistically significant effect (increasing smoking) are: age, being male, owning cigarette promotional items and having been offered free cigarettes by cigarette company representatives. Seeing counter-advertising was also statistically significant and associated with less smoking.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Fall 2024: Better Education for Stronger Growth
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-17) Izvorski, Ivailo; Kasyanenko, Sergiy; Lokshin, Michael M.; Torre, Iván
    Economic growth in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) is likely to moderate from 3.5 percent in 2023 to 3.3 percent this year. This is significantly weaker than the 4.1 percent average growth in 2000-19. Growth this year is driven by expansionary fiscal policies and strong private consumption. External demand is less favorable because of weak economic expansion in major trading partners, like the European Union. Growth is likely to slow further in 2025, mostly because of the easing of expansion in the Russian Federation and Turkiye. This Europe and Central Asia Economic Update calls for a major overhaul of education systems across the region, particularly higher education, to unleash the talent needed to reinvigorate growth and boost convergence with high-income countries. Universities in the region suffer from poor management, outdated curricula, and inadequate funding and infrastructure. A mismatch between graduates' skills and the skills employers are seeking leads to wasted potential and contributes to the region's brain drain. Reversing the decline in the quality of education will require prioritizing improvements in teacher training, updated curricula, and investment in educational infrastructure. In higher education, reforms are needed to consolidate university systems, integrate them with research centers, and provide reskilling opportunities for adult workers.
  • Publication
    World Development Report 2014
    (Washington, DC, 2013-10-06) World Bank
    The past 25 years have witnessed unprecedented changes around the world—many of them for the better. Across the continents, many countries have embarked on a path of international integration, economic reform, technological modernization, and democratic participation. As a result, economies that had been stagnant for decades are growing, people whose families had suffered deprivation for generations are escaping poverty, and hundreds of millions are enjoying the benefits of improved living standards and scientific and cultural sharing across nations. As the world changes, a host of opportunities arise constantly. With them, however, appear old and new risks, from the possibility of job loss and disease to the potential for social unrest and environmental damage. If ignored, these risks can turn into crises that reverse hard-won gains and endanger the social and economic reforms that produced these gains. The World Development Report 2014 (WDR 2014), Risk and Opportunity: Managing Risk for Development, contends that the solution is not to reject change in order to avoid risk but to prepare for the opportunities and risks that change entails. Managing risks responsibly and effectively has the potential to bring about security and a means of progress for people in developing countries and beyond. Although individuals’ own efforts, initiative, and responsibility are essential for managing risk, their success will be limited without a supportive social environment—especially when risks are large or systemic in nature. The WDR 2014 argues that people can successfully confront risks that are beyond their means by sharing their risk management with others. This can be done through naturally occurring social and economic systems that enable people to overcome the obstacles that individuals and groups face, including lack of resources and information, cognitive and behavioral failures, missing markets and public goods, and social externalities and exclusion. These systems—from the household and the community to the state and the international community—have the potential to support people’s risk management in different yet complementary ways. The Report focuses on some of the most pressing questions policy makers are asking. What role should the state take in helping people manage risks? When should this role consist of direct interventions, and when should it consist of providing an enabling environment? How can governments improve their own risk management, and what happens when they fail or lack capacity, as in many fragile and conflict-affected states? Through what mechanisms can risk management be mainstreamed into the development agenda? And how can collective action failures to manage systemic risks be addressed, especially those with irreversible consequences? The WDR 2014 provides policy makers with insights and recommendations to address these difficult questions. It should serve to guide the dialogue, operations, and contributions from key development actors—from civil society and national governments to the donor community and international development organizations.
  • Publication
    Argentina Country Climate and Development Report
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11) World Bank Group
    The Argentina Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and identifies trade-offs for aligning Argentina’s growth and poverty reduction policies with its commitments on, and its ability to withstand, climate change. It assesses how the country can: reduce its vulnerability to climate shocks through targeted public and private investments and adequation of social protection. The report also shows how Argentina can seize the benefits of a global decarbonization path to sustain a more robust economic growth through further development of Argentina’s potential for renewable energy, energy efficiency actions, the lithium value chain, as well as climate-smart agriculture (and land use) options. Given Argentina’s context, this CCDR focuses on win-win policies and investments, which have large co-benefits or can contribute to raising the country’s growth while helping to adapt the economy, also considering how human capital actions can accompany a just transition.
  • Publication
    World Development Report 2006
    (Washington, DC, 2005) World Bank
    This year’s Word Development Report (WDR), the twenty-eighth, looks at the role of equity in the development process. It defines equity in terms of two basic principles. The first is equal opportunities: that a person’s chances in life should be determined by his or her talents and efforts, rather than by pre-determined circumstances such as race, gender, social or family background. The second principle is the avoidance of extreme deprivation in outcomes, particularly in health, education and consumption levels. This principle thus includes the objective of poverty reduction. The report’s main message is that, in the long run, the pursuit of equity and the pursuit of economic prosperity are complementary. In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Development Indicators 2005‹an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.
  • Publication
    Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21) Luna-Bazaldua, Diego; Levin, Victoria; Liberman, Julia; Gala, Priyal Mukesh
    This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.