Publication:
Return on Investment and Cost-Effectiveness of Harm Reduction Program in Malaysia

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorNaning, Herlianna
dc.contributor.authorKerr, Cliff
dc.contributor.authorKamarulzaman, Adeeba
dc.contributor.authorOsornprasop, Sutayut
dc.contributor.authorDahlui, Maznah
dc.contributor.authorNg, Chiu-Wan
dc.contributor.authorWilson, David P.
dc.date.accessioned2014-06-12T19:00:28Z
dc.date.available2014-06-12T19:00:28Z
dc.date.issued2014-01
dc.description.abstractCases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections were first detected in Malaysia in 1986. Since then, the number of new HIV cases has been increasing steadily to a peak of 6,978 new cases detected in 2002 then declining to 3,438 new cases in 2012. In response to the escalating epidemic, the Government of Malaysia (GOM) agreed the implementation of needle syringe program (NSP) and methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) programs against much public opposition which viewed these programs as being against the Islamic religion and will encourage more people to use drugs. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate whether the harm reduction program in Malaysia is cost-effective and also whether they provide return on investments (ROIs) to the government. The study used an epidemiologic mathematical model of HIV transmission and disease progression, called the projection and evaluation tool (Prevtool) developed by a team of investigators at the Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Australia to simulate the impact of MMT and NSP on the transmission of HIV among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Malaysia. Briefly, the model simulates the number of PWID who become infected with HIV over time as well as the extent of disease progression among those infected in the presence and absence of harm reduction program in the country. This study has shown that the combined MMT and NSP programs as implemented in Malaysia are cost-effective and are expected to produce net cost-savings to the government in the future. Evidence of cost-effectiveness and expected cost-savings support policy recommendation that both MMT and NSP programs should be maintained as part of the key strategy to control HIV spread among PWIDs in Malaysia. Study findings that even with the present program coverage, harm reduction activities are expected to become more cost-effective and cost-saving in the future suggest that policies towards program expansion may demonstrate higher value for money.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/19533085/return-investment-cost-effectiveness-harm-reduction-program-malaysia
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/18641
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/18641
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
dc.subjectACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
dc.subjectADDICTION
dc.subjectAID
dc.subjectAMPHETAMINES
dc.subjectARI
dc.subjectBLOOD TRANSFUSION
dc.subjectCANCERS
dc.subjectCAUSES OF DEATH
dc.subjectCERVICAL CANCER
dc.subjectCHILDHOOD
dc.subjectCIRCUMCISION
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCLINICAL PROTOCOLS
dc.subjectCLINICS
dc.subjectCONDOMS
dc.subjectCOST EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectCURRENT POPULATION
dc.subjectDEATH RATE
dc.subjectDEATH RATES
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDEPENDANTS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDIAGNOSES
dc.subjectDISABILITY
dc.subjectDISEASE
dc.subjectDISEASE BURDEN
dc.subjectDISEASE CONTROL
dc.subjectDISEASE TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectDRUG ADDICTION
dc.subjectDRUG USERS
dc.subjectDRUGS
dc.subjectEPIDEMIC
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGY
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENERAL PRACTITIONER
dc.subjectGENERIC DRUGS
dc.subjectGLOBAL CONSENSUS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT AGENCIES
dc.subjectGPS
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHARM REDUCTION
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE COSTS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE RESEARCH
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH COSTS
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH STRATEGY
dc.subjectHEPATITIS
dc.subjectHEPATITIS C
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHIV INFECTION
dc.subjectHIV INFECTIONS
dc.subjectHIV POSITIVE
dc.subjectHIV PREVENTION
dc.subjectHIV TESTING
dc.subjectHIV TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectHIV/AIDS
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHOSPITALS
dc.subjectHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHYGIENE
dc.subjectILLNESS
dc.subjectIMMUNE DEFICIENCY
dc.subjectIMMUNODEFICIENCY
dc.subjectIMPORTANT POLICY
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFECTION RATE
dc.subjectINFECTIOUS DISEASES
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectINPATIENT CARE
dc.subjectINTEGRATION
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectINTRAVENOUS DRUG USE
dc.subjectISOLATION
dc.subjectJOB OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMALES
dc.subjectMEDICAL PRACTITIONERS
dc.subjectMETHADONE
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMORBIDITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectMOTHER TO CHILD
dc.subjectMOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectNATIONAL AIDS
dc.subjectNATIONAL DRUG
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNATIONAL POLICY
dc.subjectNUMBER OF NEW INFECTIONS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
dc.subjectOUTPATIENT CARE
dc.subjectOUTPATIENT SERVICES
dc.subjectPAP SMEAR
dc.subjectPATIENT
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOPULATION DATA
dc.subjectPOPULATION SIZE
dc.subjectPREVALENCE
dc.subjectPREVENTION ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectPRISONS
dc.subjectPROBABILITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC DEMAND
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SUPPORT
dc.subjectQUALITY OF LIFE
dc.subjectQUALITY OF SERVICES
dc.subjectREHABILITATION
dc.subjectREHABILITATION CENTRES
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATIONS
dc.subjectRESOURCE NEEDS
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectSCREENING
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX WITH MEN
dc.subjectSEX WORKERS
dc.subjectSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
dc.subjectSPECIALIST
dc.subjectSYMPTOMS
dc.subjectSYRINGES
dc.subjectTB
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTHERAPIES
dc.subjectTHERAPY
dc.subjectTREATMENT
dc.subjectUSER FEES
dc.subjectVACCINATION
dc.subjectVIRUS INFECTIONS
dc.subjectVOLUNTARY COUNSELLING
dc.titleReturn on Investment and Cost-Effectiveness of Harm Reduction Program in Malaysiaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.date.disclosure2014-05-19
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T11:49:55.395446Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/19533085/return-investment-cost-effectiveness-harm-reduction-program-malaysia
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000442464_20140519122054
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum19533085
okr.identifier.report88083
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/05/19/000442464_20140519122054/Rendered/PDF/880830WP0P13310ROI0Final0with0cover.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryMalaysia
okr.sectorHealth and other social services :: Health
okr.themeHIV/AIDS,Health system performance
okr.themeHuman development
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicDisease Control and Prevention
okr.topicGender::Gender and Health
okr.topicHealth Systems Development and Reform
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.unitHNP Sector Unit (EASHH)
okr.volume1 of 1
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
880830WP0REPLA0ia0ROI0Final0Jul2014.pdf
Size:
2.86 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
English PDF
Download
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
880830WP0P13310ROI0Final0with0cover.txt
Size:
165.02 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download
Collections
Other papers