Publication: Clean Air for Hanoi: What will it Take?
Loading...
Other Files
12 downloads
Date
2025-04-22
ISSN
Published
2025-04-22
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
Vietnam has achieved great progress in both economic growth and poverty reduction; nevertheless, this economic growth is accompanied by an increase in resource use and other negative externalities, such as air pollution. This contributes significantly to environmental degradation and public health issues, particularly regarding air quality in some major cities in the country, including Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The current air quality situation in Hanoi and its neighboring provinces of Bac Ninh and Hung Yen necessitates urgent action to reduce pollution levels, and, consequently, population exposure to harmful PM2.5 concentrations. Newly announced air quality-related policies, which will be in effect between 2021 and 2030, are an important step towards decreasing air pollution but do not appear to be sufficient to protect health in the medium-term, that is, until 2030. To explore management options available to policy makers in the near term, this study has developed new data and alternative scenarios analyzing the impact of various air quality measures and policies. Opportunities to achieve national standards across Hanoi and its surrounding areas were identified and provide input into policy discussions on an Air Quality Management (AQM) Plan for Hanoi and its surrounding provinces, as well as for Vietnam in general.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2025. Clean Air for Hanoi: What will it Take?. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/43109 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Introducing Energy-efficient Clean Technologies in the Brick Sector of Bangladesh(World Bank, 2011-06-30)This study's objectives are: (i) to present the pros and cons of existing and alternative brick technologies in Bangladesh with specific focus on pollution and energy efficiency; (ii) to estimate the private and social benefits of these technologies (iii) to summarize China's experience in the development of the brick industry, as the world leader brick producer and (iv) to provide concrete recommendations for adopting cleaner technologies in Bangladesh. The study focuses on the brick cluster located in northern Dhaka, which comprises 530 Fixed Chimney Kiln (FCKs) that produce 2.1 billion bricks annually (14 percent of the country's brick production). As the brick sector is a prominent contributor to air pollution in Dhaka, it is important to distinguish its contribution to the city's air pollution from other sources, including transport and other industries. Because of limited data availability, the analysis relies on the most realistic assumptions drawn from monitored data in Bangladesh or neighboring countries (i.e., Nepal and India). As a result, the estimated net returns for each technology are orders of magnitude rather than precise estimates. This report analysis the brick sector in Bangladesh and assesses the feasibility of cleaner alternative technologies.Publication Toward a Green, Clean, and Resilient World for All(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2012-05)The new environment strategy for the World Bank Group lays out an ambitious action agenda that seeks to respond to calls from our client countries for a new kind of development path, one that supports growth while focusing more on sustainability and ensuring that the environment is a key enabler for green, more-inclusive growth. This strategy recognizes the importance of our convening power, access to policy makers, analytical work, development of new financial tools, and smart risk management as well as a portfolio of investments to accelerate solutions. Spreading these solutions by sharing knowledge, demonstrating success, and working in partnership, mobilizing action, and leveraging financing will be critical to our success.Publication Clean Energy for Development Investment Framework : Progress Report on the World Bank Group Action Plan(Washington, DC, 2007-08)During the 2007 spring meetings, the development committee endorsed the World Bank Group's action plan on the Clean Energy Investment Framework (CEIF). This progress report is a response to the committee's request for an update on the implementation of the action plan for the annual meetings in October 2007. It summarizes accomplishments in the three areas of the action plan: 1) energy for growth, with a particular emphasis on access to energy in Sub-Saharan Africa; 2) transition to a low-carbon development trajectory; and 3) adaptation to the impacts of climate change. This report also outlines an approach to scaling up actions on climate change and provides a review of options to further reduce the financial barriers to support low-carbon and adaptive growth in developing countries. This Progress Report provides an update on the implementation of the CEIF action plan.Publication Joint MDB Report to the G8 on the Implementation of the Clean Energy Investment Framework and Their Climate Change Agenda Going Forward(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-06)The 2005 Gleneagles G8 summit in July 2005 stimulated a concerted effort of the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to broaden and accelerate programs on access to energy and climate change mitigation and adaptation through the Clean Energy Investment Framework (CEIF). At the Gleneagles summit, it was agreed that a report on the implementation of the CEIF would be prepared for the 2008 G8 (Group of Eight: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) summit hosted by Japan. This joint report of the MDBs to the G8 summit in Hokkaido is intended to provide information on the outcomes and lessons learned under the CEIF, describe the collective MDB objectives for addressing the energy access and climate change challenges, and outline how the MDBs plan to build on the CEIF experience to date to more fully achieve these objectives. The report builds upon the 'the MDBs and the climate change agenda' report that was presented at the December 2007 Bali climate change conference. This report describes actions taken by each MDB to develop climate change strategies and programs of actions tailored to their particular client needs, based on resources and funding mechanisms currently available. Under the CEIF, the MDBs have strengthened collaboration on analytical work and programming and committed to expand this collaboration to optimize the impact of their collective actions. In addition to reporting on the status of the CEIF, this report outlines the collective ambition of the MDBs with respect to assisting the developing countries in meeting the climate change challenge, summarizes their evolving strategies designed to meet these objectives and the mechanisms through which they intend to achieve the necessary collaboration to optimize the collective impact of their climate change interventions.Publication Energy and Development Report 2001 - Energy and the Environment(Washington, DC, 2002-01)This 2001 Energy and Development Report reflects on the progress made since July 1999, when the need to include environmental concerns in energy sector development was acknowledged. The review looks at the context in which the energy, and environment debate is now set, and examines the primary outcomes of the strategy in relative depth. The second part reviews ways to create the framework for energy and environment, by enhancing capacity building, the knowledge base, and dissemination practices, through case studies and perspectives on sustainable energy systems. Reducing air pollution is further explored in the context of facilitating the transition from traditional, to modern fuels, by improving access to modern energy, while protecting the health of - mainly - urban residents from air pollution. In addition, through case studies on district heating, power distribution, and, initiatives regarding gas flaring reduction, the report focuses on the promotion of environmentally, sustainable development of energy resources, and on mitigating the potential - adverse - impact of energy uses on climate change. Future issues of concern include the trade-offs between the poverty, and environmental agendas in the energy sector, environmental regulation, climate change, and building partnerships.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Global Economic Prospects, June 2024(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-11)After several years of negative shocks, global growth is expected to hold steady in 2024 and then edge up in the next couple of years, in part aided by cautious monetary policy easing as inflation gradually declines. However, economic prospects are envisaged to remain tepid, especially in the most vulnerable countries. Risks to the outlook, while more balanced, are still tilted to the downside, including the possibility of escalating geopolitical tensions, further trade fragmentation, and higher-for-longer interest rates. Natural disasters related to climate change could also hinder activity. Subdued growth prospects across many emerging market and developing economies and continued risks underscore the need for decisive policy action at the global and national levels. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies.Publication Services Unbound(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-09)Services are a new force for innovation, trade, and growth in East Asia and Pacific. The dramatic diffusion of digital technologies and partial policy reforms in services--from finance, communication, and transport to retail, health, and education--is transforming these economies. The result is higher productivity and changing jobs in the services sector, as well as in the manufacturing sectors that use these services. A region that has thrived through openness to trade and investment in manufacturing still maintains innovation-inhibiting barriers to entry and competition in key services sectors. 'Services Unbound: Digital Technologies and Policy Reform in East Asia and Pacific' makes the case for deeper domestic reforms and greater international cooperation to unleash a virtuous cycle of increased economic opportunity and enhanced human capacity that would power development in the region.Publication Business Ready 2024(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-03)Business Ready (B-READY) is a new World Bank Group corporate flagship report that evaluates the business and investment climate worldwide. It replaces and improves upon the Doing Business project. B-READY provides a comprehensive data set and description of the factors that strengthen the private sector, not only by advancing the interests of individual firms but also by elevating the interests of workers, consumers, potential new enterprises, and the natural environment. This 2024 report introduces a new analytical framework that benchmarks economies based on three pillars: Regulatory Framework, Public Services, and Operational Efficiency. The analysis centers on 10 topics essential for private sector development that correspond to various stages of the life cycle of a firm. The report also offers insights into three cross-cutting themes that are relevant for modern economies: digital adoption, environmental sustainability, and gender. B-READY draws on a robust data collection process that includes specially tailored expert questionnaires and firm-level surveys. The 2024 report, which covers 50 economies, serves as the first in a series that will expand in geographical coverage and refine its methodology over time, supporting reform advocacy, policy guidance, and further analysis and research.Publication World Development Report 2011(World Bank, 2011)The 2011 World development report looks across disciplines and experiences drawn from around the world to offer some ideas and practical recommendations on how to move beyond conflict and fragility and secure development. The key messages are important for all countries-low, middle, and high income-as well as for regional and global institutions: first, institutional legitimacy is the key to stability. When state institutions do not adequately protect citizens, guard against corruption, or provide access to justice; when markets do not provide job opportunities; or when communities have lost social cohesion-the likelihood of violent conflict increases. Second, investing in citizen security, justice, and jobs is essential to reducing violence. But there are major structural gaps in our collective capabilities to support these areas. Third, confronting this challenge effectively means that institutions need to change. International agencies and partners from other countries must adapt procedures so they can respond with agility and speed, a longer-term perspective, and greater staying power. Fourth, need to adopt a layered approach. Some problems can be addressed at the country level, but others need to be addressed at a regional level, such as developing markets that integrate insecure areas and pooling resources for building capacity Fifth, in adopting these approaches, need to be aware that the global landscape is changing. Regional institutions and middle income countries are playing a larger role. This means should pay more attention to south-south and south-north exchanges, and to the recent transition experiences of middle income countries.Publication Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21)This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.