World Bank2013-03-282013-03-282011-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13052The report has three main chapters discussing modernization, diversification and competitiveness. The chapters examine problems and barriers facing households, private firms and public agencies to achieving these objectives, and then identify the instruments that can help Russia achieve the necessary spatial transformation of its economy. Russia's long history as one of Europe's leading nations, and its more recent past as a superpower, give it grounds for greater aspirations. To realize them will require significant improvements across all aspects of the economy. Russia's economy faces many challenges, some of which are a persistent legacy from its tumultuous history in the twentieth century of civil war, two world wars and a long period of communism. But as the largest country in the world, it is not surprising that many of Russia's problems relate to its economic geography, which is the focus of this report.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGAFFORDABLE HOUSINGAGGLOMERATION BENEFITSAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGYAGRICULTUREAIRAIRCRAFTAIRPORTSAUTOMOBILEAUTOMOBILE DRIVERSAUTOMOBILE INDUSTRIESAUTOMOBILESBARRIERBENCHMARKSBIG CITIESBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCARSCATALYSTSCENTRAL PLANNINGCIVIL WARCLOSED ECONOMYCOMMODITIESCOMMODITYCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVE ECONOMYCOMPETITIVENESSCONGESTIONCONNECTIVITYCOSTS OF TRANSPORTATIONCURRENT POPULATIONDEPOSITSDEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDOMESTIC MARKETDYNAMIC ECONOMIESECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC DIMENSIONECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INSTRUMENTSECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC OBJECTIVESECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC OPPORTUNITYECONOMIC OUTCOMESECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC POWERECONOMIC RESOURCESECONOMIC SIZEECONOMIC STRUCTUREECONOMIC STRUCTURESECONOMICSECONOMIES OF SCALEEMERGING ECONOMIESEMERGING ECONOMYEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEXPORTSEXTERNAL MIGRATIONEXTERNAL TRADEFACTORS OF PRODUCTIONFERTILITYFERTILITY RATESFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFOREIGN CAPITALFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN MARKETSFOREIGN TRADEFUELGDPGDP PER CAPITAGOVERNMENT ACTIONGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS NATIONAL INCOMEGROWTH RATESHEALTH CAREHIGH TRANSPORTHIGHWAYSHUMAN CAPITALIMMIGRANTSIMMIGRATIONIMPORTANT POLICYINCOMEINCOME INEQUALITYINCOME LEVELSINDUSTRIALIZATIONINEFFICIENCYINNOVATIONINNOVATIONSINSURANCEINTERNAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL BORDERSINTERNATIONAL BUSINESSINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTSINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT CLIMATEJOURNEYKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYLABOR DEMANDLABOR MARKETSLABOR MIGRATIONLABOR MIGRATIONSLABOR MOBILITYLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR REGULATIONSLAND USELARGE CITIESLARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLELARGE POPULATIONLARGE POPULATIONSLEVEL OF DEVELOPMENTLIBERALIZATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVING STANDARDSLOWER BIRTH RATESMARKET ECONOMIESMARKET ECONOMYMARKET PERFORMANCEMATHEMATICSMEASUREMENT OF MIGRATIONMIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMYMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMIGRATION DATAMOBILITYMOBILITY OF LABORMOBILITY PROBLEMSMOBILITY RATESMODERNIZATIONMORTALITYMOVEMENT OF PEOPLENATIONAL ECONOMYNATIONAL INCOMENATIONAL OBJECTIVESNATIONAL OUTPUTNATIONAL POPULATIONNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNUMBER OF BIRTHSNUMBER OF DEATHSNUMBER OF PEOPLEPER CAPITA INCOMEPER CAPITA INCOMESPERMANENT RESIDENCEPLANNED ECONOMYPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY REGIMEPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOPULATION CENTERPOPULATION CONFERENCEPOPULATION DENSITIESPOPULATION MIGRATIONPOPULATION MOVEMENTSPOPULATION STUDIESPRESS RELEASEPRODUCT MARKETSPRODUCTIVITYPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC TRANSPORTRAILRAIL CARRAILWAYSREAL ESTATEREAL GDPRECENT IMMIGRANTSREGISTRATION REQUIREMENTSREGULATORY BARRIERSREMITTANCERENTSREPLACEMENT LEVELRESPECTRETURNS TO SCALEROADSROUTERULE OF LAWRURAL AREASSAFETYSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSANITATIONSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL COSTSSOCIAL PROGRESSSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOCIAL SERVICESSTATE UNIVERSITYSTOCK MARKETSTRONG GOVERNANCESTRUCTURAL CHANGESUPPLIERSTAXTRADE BARRIERSTRAFFICTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT TECHNOLOGYTRANSPORTATIONUNDERGROUNDUNDERLYING PROBLEMSUNSKILLED WORKERSURBAN AGGLOMERATIONSURBAN AREASURBAN CONGESTIONURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN POPULATIONURBANIZATIONWAGESWARWARSWEALTHWORKFORCEWORLD MARKETSWORLD POPULATIONWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOWorld Bank10.1596/13052