World Bank2014-04-072014-04-072013-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17614This Indonesia country study forms part of the East Asia urban sanitation review. The review will develop a regional strategic framework to help guide national urban sanitation programs and their implementation in emerging middle income countries. Almost half of Indonesia's population lives in urban areas and their need for safe wastewater management services are growing rapidly. Beginning in 2000, the central government embarked on a series of initiatives to reform water supply and sanitation sector policies. These reforms were aligned with decentralization which devolved responsibility for sanitation to the local government. Despite these initiatives, urban sanitation continues to perform inadequately and faces critical issues that need to be urgently addressed. This document presents a detailed analysis of the issue, as well as recommendations for future action.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSORPTIONACTIVATED SLUDGEAERATED LAGOONSBILLINGBODCHLORINATINGCOLLECTION EFFICIENCIESCOLLECTION EFFICIENCYCOMBINED SEWERAGECOMMERCIAL ENTERPRISESCOMMUNAL TOILETSCOMMUNITY SANITATIONCOMMUNITY SEWERAGECONNECTIONCONNECTION FEESCONNECTION RATECONSTRUCTIONCONVENTIONAL SEWERAGEDEMAND FOR SANITATIONDESLUDGINGDISPOSAL OF WASTEWATERDOMESTIC WASTEWATERDRAINAGE FACILITIESDRAINAGE SYSTEMDRAINSDRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER QUALITYEFFLUENT DISCHARGEEFFLUENT QUALITYELECTRICITYENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERINGENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSEXCRETAEXTENDED AERATIONFLUSH TOILETSGROUNDWATERHIGH LEVELSHIGH WATER TABLEHOUSE CONNECTIONSHUMAN EXCRETAHYGIENEINADEQUATE SANITATIONLARGE CITIESLOW INCOME COMMUNITIESMONITORING PROGRAMMUNICIPAL SEWAGEMUNICIPAL SEWERAGENUMBER OF CONNECTIONSNUMBER OF SEWER CONNECTIONSNUTRIENT REMOVALOXIDATIONOXYGENOXYGEN DEMANDPIPED SEWER SYSTEMSPIPED WATERPIPELINESPITSPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION CONTROLPONDPONDSPOPULATION DENSITYPUBLIC FACILITIESPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONPUBLIC TOILETSPUBLIC WORKSPUMPINGPUMPING STATIONSQUALITY OF EFFLUENTQUALITY STANDARDSRIVERSSANITATIONSANITATION COVERAGESANITATION DEVELOPMENTSANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION IMPROVEMENTSSANITATION INFRASTRUCTURESANITATION INITIATIVESSANITATION INTERVENTIONSSANITATION MANAGEMENTSANITATION OPTIONSSANITATION POLICYSANITATION PRACTICESSANITATION PROGRAMSANITATION PROGRAMSSANITATION PROMOTIONSANITATION SECTORSANITATION SECTOR POLICIESSANITATION SERVICESANITATION SERVICESSANITATION SOLUTIONSSANITATION SYSTEMSANITATION SYSTEMSSANITATION UTILITYSEEPAGESEPARATE SEWERAGESEPTIC TANKSEPTIC TANK DESIGNSEPTIC TANK SLUDGESEPTIC TANKSSEWAGESEWAGE TREATMENTSEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTSSEWER CONNECTIONSEWER NETWORKSSEWER SYSTEMSEWER SYSTEMSSEWERAGESEWERAGE NETWORKSEWERAGE NETWORKSSEWERAGE SYSTEMSSEWERSSITE SANITATIONSLUDGESOLID WASTESOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSTATUS OF SANITATIONSTORMWATERSULLAGESUSPENDED SOLIDSTARGET FOR SANITATIONTOTAL SANITATIONTREATMENT PLANTTREATMENT TECHNOLOGIESURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN COMMUNITIESURBAN DRAINAGEURBAN DWELLERSURBAN GROWTHURBAN HOUSEHOLDSURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN POPULATIONSURBAN SANITATIONURBAN WASTEWATERURBAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENTURBAN WATERUSE OF WATERUSERSUTILITIESWASHINGWASTEWATERWASTEWATER COLLECTIONWASTEWATER DISPOSALWASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTUREWASTEWATER MANAGEMENTWASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSWASTEWATER SECTORWASTEWATER SYSTEMSWASTEWATER TARIFFWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIESWASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTSWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMSWATER AUTHORITYWATER BODIESWATER CONNECTIONWATER CONNECTIONSWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER QUALITYWATER RESOURCESWATER SUPPLIESWATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY SYSTEMWATER SUPPLY SYSTEMSWATER UTILITYWELLS10.1596/17614