Demirguc-Kunt, AsliKlapper, Leora2012-04-272012-04-272012-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6042This paper provides the first analysis of the Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, a new set of indicators that measure how adults in 148 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data show that 50 percent of adults worldwide have an account at a formal financial institution, though account penetration varies widely across regions, income groups and individual characteristics. In addition, 22 percent of adults report having saved at a formal financial institution in the past 12 months, and 9 percent report having taken out a new loan from a bank, credit union or microfinance institution in the past year. Although half of adults around the world remain unbanked, at least 35 percent of them report barriers to account use that might be addressed by public policy. Among the most commonly reported barriers are high cost, physical distance, and lack of proper documentation, though there are significant differences across regions and individual characteristics.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS BARRIERSACCESS TO ACCOUNTSACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO FINANCEACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICESACCESS TO SAVINGSACCOUNT HOLDERSACCOUNT OWNERSHIPACCOUNTINGAFFORDABILITYAGRICULTUREALTERNATIVE BANKINGANTI-MONEY LAUNDERINGASSET ACCUMULATIONATM CARDATM CARDSAUTOMATED TELLER MACHINESBANK ACCOUNTBANK BRANCHBANK BRANCHESBANK REGULATIONBANKING SECTORBANKING SERVICESBANKSBARRIERBENCHMARKBENCHMARKINGBONDSBROAD ACCESSBUSINESS PURPOSESBUSINESSESCELL PHONECENTRAL BANKCHECKING ACCOUNTCOMMODITIESCONSUMERSCORRUPTIONCREDIT ASSOCIATIONCREDIT CARDCREDIT CARDSCREDIT UNIONCULTURAL NORMSDATA COVERAGEDEBIT CARDDEBIT CARDSDEPOSITDEPOSIT ACCOUNTSDEPOSIT INSURANCEDEPOSITSDEVELOPING ECONOMIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDISCRIMINATIONDOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTSEARNINGSECONOMIC CRISESECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INEQUALITYEDUCATION LEVELELECTRONIC BILLELECTRONIC PAYMENTELECTRONIC PAYMENTSEMERGING MARKETSEMPLOYEREMPLOYERSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESENTREPRENEURSENTRY POINTEXCLUSIONEXISTING INFRASTRUCTUREEXPATRIATESFINANCESFINANCIAL ACCESSFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL DEPTHFINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL LITERACYFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL OUTREACHFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SERVICEFINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL SYSTEMFINANCIAL SYSTEMSFINANCIAL TRANSACTIONSFORMAL BANKINGFORMAL BORROWINGFORMAL CREDITFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFORMAL FINANCIAL SECTORFORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICESFRAUDGDPGDP PER CAPITAGENDERGENDER GAPGEOGRAPHIC ACCESSGINI COEFFICIENTGOVERNMENT SECURITIESGROWTH OPPORTUNITIESHOUSEHOLD ACCESSHOUSEHOLD FINANCEHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLDSINACTIVE ACCOUNTINCOME CATEGORYINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GROUPINCOME GROUPSINCOME INEQUALITYINCOME LEVELSINEQUALITYINFLATIONINFORMAL LENDERINFORMAL SAVINGINFORMAL SAVINGSINNOVATIONSINSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTUREINSURANCE PRODUCTSINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONISLAMIC LOANLACK OF AWARENESSLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVESTOCK INSURANCELOANLOW-INCOME ECONOMIESMICROFINANCEMICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONMIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIESMINIMUM BALANCESMOBILE BANKINGMOBILE PHONEMOBILE PHONE SUBSCRIBERSMOBILE PHONESMORTGAGENATIONAL INCOMENEW PRODUCTSONLINE PAYMENTSOPEN ACCESSOUTSTANDING LOANPAYMENT SYSTEMSPENSIONPERSONAL ASSETPERSONAL FINANCESPHONE NUMBERSPHONE PENETRATIONPHYSICAL ACCESSPHYSICAL DISTANCEPOST OFFICEPOST OFFICESPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPRODUCTIVITYPROPENSITY TO SAVEPUBLIC POLICIESPUBLIC POLICYRECEIPTREGRESSION ANALYSISREGULATORSRELIABILITYREMITTANCEREMITTANCESRESULTRESULTSRETAIL STORERETAIL STORESRISK MANAGEMENTSAVINGSSAVINGS ACCOUNTSAVINGS ACCOUNTSSAVINGS BEHAVIORSAVINGS BONDSSAVINGS GROUPSECURITY CONCERNSSECURITY RISKSSELF-EMPLOYMENTSMALL ENTERPRISESSOURCE OF INCOMESUPERVISIONSUPPLY OF CREDITTELEPHONETELEPHONE COVERAGETELLERSTERM CREDITTRADITIONAL BANKINGTRANSACTIONTRANSACTIONS COSTSTRANSITION ECONOMIESUSERUSERSUSESWAGESWEALTHWEBWIRE TRANSFERSWITHDRAWAL FEESWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORSMicrodata SetWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6025