Henning, TheunsKadar, PeterBennett, Christopher R.2012-08-132012-08-132006-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11775Despite extensive road construction programs over the last century, a substantial proportion of roads remained unsealed especially in developing and emerging economies. As these economies develop, the demand arises to seal previously unsealed roads. The most economical transition point between unsealed and sealed roads depends on many conditions that need to be evaluated. The purpose of this Note is to provide guidance for decision makers, engineers and administrators on selecting the most appropriate surface for unsealed road given the prevailing conditions. It is based on the report "Surfacing Alternatives for Unsealed Roads" (report 37192).CC BY 3.0 IGOACCIDENTASPHALTASPHALT LAYERSASPHALT SURFACINGBINDERBITUMENBRIDGESCAPITAL INVESTMENTCEMENTCHIP SEALCOMPACTIONCONCRETECONCRETE BLOCKSCOST BENEFIT ANALYSISCRUSHED STONECULVERTSDEMOLITIONDRAINAGEDRAINAGE SYSTEMDUSTEARTH ROADSEMULSIONEROSIONFRAMEWORKGENERATED TRAFFICGRADEGRAVELGRAVEL ROADGRAVEL ROADSHEAVY EQUIPMENTHYDRATED LIMELOADINGLOCAL ROADSMAINTENANCE OPERATIONNET PRESENT VALUENMTPASSENGERPAVEMENTPAVEMENT LAYERSPAVEMENT MATERIALSPAVEMENTSPAVINGPERIODIC MAINTENANCEPOTHOLESPRIVATE ROADSRANGEREINFORCED CONCRETEROADROAD AGENCIESROAD AGENCYROAD CONSTRUCTIONROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD PAVEMENTROAD ROUGHNESSROAD SURFACEROAD SURFACESROAD SURFACINGROAD TYPEROAD USERROAD USER COSTROADSROUGHNESSROUTINE MAINTENANCERUBBLERURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL ROADRURAL ROADSRURAL TRANSPORTSAFETYSANDSEALINGSHARINGSILTSLURRYSOIL UPGRADINGSOILSSPECIFIC SURFACESPEEDSTEELSTONESTRENGTHSTRUCTURESSURFACE TREATMENTSURFACINGTARTOPOGRAPHYTRAFFICTRAFFIC CAPACITYTRAFFIC COMPOSITIONTRAFFIC DEMANDTRAFFIC VOLUMETRAFFIC VOLUMESTRANSPORTTRANSPORT RESEARCHTRAVEL TIMETRAVEL TIME COSTTRAVEL TIME SAVINGSUNPAVED ROADUNPAVED ROADSVEGETATIONVEHICLEVEHICLE COSTSVEHICLE OPERATINGVEHICLE OPERATING COSTVEHICLE OPERATING COSTSVEHICLE TRAFFICVEHICLESWETTING AGENTSWorld Bank10.1596/11775