Barbone, LucaBontch-Osmolovsky, MishaZaidi, Salman2012-03-192012-03-192009-04-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4093Despite the purported surge in internal migration following the 2004 enlargement of the European Union, data from the 2006 European Union Survey of Income and Living Conditions show that internal migrants are a relatively small share of the European Union's population. Depending on the exact definition used, only about 1 to 2 percent of the population of European Union-13 countries (members prior to the 2004 enlargement, not including Germany and Luxembourg) were born in other European Union countries, while the corresponding share for European Union-4 countries (Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Slovakia) is even lower. By contrast, about 6 percent of the population of European Union-13 countries was born outside the European Union. On examining the demographic and socio-economic background of the migrant population (both from within as well as outside the European Union), this paper finds that migrants tend to include a concentration of both low as well as highly educated workers. Both sets of migrants uniformly contribute to raising the working-age population of receiving countries. Using data on average incomes and taxes paid and benefits received by migrant and non-migrant households, the authors find no evidence to support the contention that migrant workers contribute much less in taxes than the native-born population, or consume significantly higher benefits. On the contrary, our calculations suggest that migrant workers make a net contribution of approximately 42 billion euros to the national tax and benefit systems of European Union-13 countries.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH CAREAVERAGE BENEFITSAVERAGE EARNINGSBENEFICIARIESCALCULATIONSCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCASH TRANSFERSCHILD-SUPPORTCITIZENCITIZENSCITIZENSHIPCOMMUNITY SURVEYCONTRIBUTIONCONTRIBUTIONSCOUNTRY OF ORIGINCUSTOMER SERVICESDEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISABILITYDISABILITY BENEFITSDISPOSABLE INCOMEEARLY RETIREMENTEARNINGSECONOMIC BACKGROUNDECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MANAGEMENTEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDELDERLYELDERLY PEOPLEEMPLOYEEEMPLOYEREMPLOYMENT STATUSEUEUROPEAN IMMIGRATIONEXPENDITUREFAMILY BENEFITSFEWER CHILDRENFEWER PEOPLEFINANCESGROSS INCOMEHANDICRAFTHOMEHOME COUNTRIESHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLDSIMMIGRANTSIMPACT OF MIGRATIONINCOME TAXINCOME TAXESINCOMESINFORMAL ECONOMYINFORMATION SOCIETYINTERNAL MIGRANTSINTERNAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE SURVEYSLABOUR MARKETLABOUR MARKETSLARGER FAMILIESLEGISLATORSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLIMITED ACCESSLIVING CONDITIONSLOWER INCOMEMASS IMMIGRATIONMIGRANTMIGRANT POPULATIONSMIGRANT WORKERSMORTGAGENATIONAL BANKNATIONAL POPULATIONNATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCILNATIONALSNUMBER OF MIGRANTSNUMBER OF PEOPLENUMBER OF PERSONSOCCUPATIONSOLD-AGEOPEN DOORSPENSIONPENSIONSPERSONAL EARNINGSPLACE OF RESIDENCEPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOPULATION GROUPSPOPULATION SUBGROUPSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRESENT VALUEPRIMARY EDUCATIONPROGRESSPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC FINANCESPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC PENSIONPUBLIC POLICYRECEIPTSREMITTANCERESPECTRETIREMENTRETIREMENT AGERETIREMENT BENEFITSRETIREMENT PENSIONRETIREMENTSRICHER COUNTRIESSALESSECOND JOBSECONDARY EDUCATIONSELF-EMPLOYMENTSENIORSKILLED MIGRANTSSMALL ENTERPRISESSOCIAL COHESIONSOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMSOCIAL WELFARETAX INFORMATIONTERTIARY EDUCATIONUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSUNINCORPORATED BUSINESSUNIONWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWORKING-AGE POPULATIONSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4899