Taylor, Yesim SayinInoue, Keikodi Gropello, EmanuelaGresham, James2015-03-092015-03-092015-02-27978-1-4648-0505-9https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21554The economic and social prospects are daunting for the 89 million out-of-school youth who comprise nearly half of all youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Within the next decade, when this cohort becomes the core of the labor market, an estimated 40 million more youth will drop out, and will face an uncertain future with limited work and life skills. Furthermore, out-of-school youth often are policy orphans, positioned between sectors with little data, low implementation capacity, lack of interest in long-term sustainability of programs, insufficient funds, and little coordination across the different government agencies. This report provides a diagnostic analysis of the state of out-of-school youth in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the 12- to 24-year-old cohort. This report also examines the decision path youth take as they progress through the education system and the factors that explain youth's school and work choices. It finds that individual and household characteristics, social norms, and characteristics of the school system all matter in understanding why youth drop out and remain out of school. In particular, six key factors characterize out-of-school youth: (i) most out-of-school youth drop out before secondary school; (ii) early marriage for female youth and (iii) rural residence increase the likelihood of being out of school; (iv) parental education level and (v) the number of working adults are important household factors; and (vi) lack of school access and low educational quality are binding supply-side constraints. Policy discussions on out-of-school youth are framed by these six key factors along with three entry points for intervention: retention, remediation, and integration. This report also reviews policies and programs in place for out-of-school youth across the continent. Ultimately, this report aims to inform public discussion, policy formulation, and development practitioners' actions working with youth in Sub-Saharan Africa.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACADEMIC STANDARDSACCESS TO SCHOOLINGADOLESCENTSADULT EMPLOYMENTADULT LITERACYADULTSADVOCACYAGE COHORTAGE GROUPSALTERNATIVE EDUCATIONBASIC EDUCATIONBASIC INFRASTRUCTURECHILD DEVELOPMENTCHILD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMSCIVIC PARTICIPATIONCOGNITIVE SKILLSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATIONCOMPULSORY EDUCATIONCURRICULADEVELOPING COUNTRIESDOMESTIC VIOLENCEDRINKING WATERDROPOUT PATTERNSDROPOUT PROBLEMDROPOUT RATEDROPOUT RATESDROPOUT TRENDSDROPOUTSEARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENTEARLY INTERVENTIONEARLY MARRIAGEEARLY MARRIAGE FOR GIRLSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESEDUCATED ADULTSEDUCATION DECISIONSEDUCATION EXPENDITUREEDUCATION FOR YOUTHEDUCATION INITIATIVESEDUCATION OUTCOMESEDUCATION POLICIESEDUCATION POLICYEDUCATION PROGRAMSEDUCATION SECTOREDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMESEDUCATIONAL QUALITYEFFECTS OF EDUCATIONENROLLMENT INCREASESENROLLMENT LEVELSEXAMSEXISTING RESOURCESFAMILIESFAMILY ATTITUDESFEMALE YOUTHFORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEMFORMAL SCHOOLINGFREE EDUCATIONGENDER DIFFERENTIALSGENDER DISPARITIESGIRLSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS ENROLLMENTGROSS ENROLLMENT RATEGROSS ENROLLMENT RATESHEALTH CAREHEALTHY CHILDRENHIGH DROPOUTHIGH POPULATION GROWTHHIGH POPULATION GROWTH RATESHIGH SCHOOLHIGHER EDUCATIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONINFORMAL EDUCATIONINTERVENTIONSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLEADERSHIPLEARNINGLEARNING OUTCOMESLEGAL STATUSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLIFE SKILLSLIFE-SKILLSLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMARRIED WOMENNATIONAL GOVERNMENTNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSOLD GIRLSOLDER GIRLSORPHANSPARENT EDUCATIONPARENTAL ATTITUDESPARENTAL EDUCATIONPARENTAL INVOLVEMENTPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTUREPOLICY DIALOGUEPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH RATEPOST-PRIMARY EDUCATIONPREGNANCYPRIMARY CYCLEPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY LEVELPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOLINGPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE EDUCATIONPRIVATE SCHOOLPROGRESSPROSTITUTIONPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC POLICYPUSH FACTORSQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY OF EDUCATION SYSTEMSQUALITY OF LIFEQUALITY SCHOOLSRELIGIOUS BELIEFSREPEATERSREPETITION RATESRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCE CONSTRAINTSRETURN TO EDUCATIONRISKY BEHAVIORRISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL RESIDENCERURAL YOUTHSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL COMPLETIONSCHOOL DISCIPLINESCHOOL DROPOUTSSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL ENTRYSCHOOL FACILITIESSCHOOL FEESSCHOOL GIRLSSCHOOL GRADUATESSCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURESCHOOL MANAGEMENTSCHOOL QUALITYSCHOOL SYSTEMSCHOOL SYSTEMSSCHOOL TUITIONSCHOOL YOUTHSCHOOLINGSCHOOL­AGESCHOOL­AGE POPULATIONSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOLINGSECONDARY SCHOOLSSKILLS DEVELOPMENTSKILLS TRAININGSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL PROBLEMSSOCIAL SCIENCESSOCIAL WELFARESOCIOECONOMIC STATUSSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENTSTUDENT ASSESSMENTSUBSIDIES TO EDUCATIONTEACHERTEACHER TRAININGTEACHERSTEACHINGTEACHING FORCETECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL SKILLSTEENTERTIARY EDUCATIONTRAINING COURSESTRAINING PROGRAMSTRANSPORTATIONUNEMPLOYMENTUNMARRIED GIRLSUNMARRIED YOUNG WOMENURBAN AREASURBAN POVERTYURBAN YOUTHVOCATIONAL TRAININGWARWORKFORCEYOUNG AGESYOUNG CHILDRENYOUNG GIRLSYOUNG MENYOUNG PEOPLEYOUNG WOMANYOUNG WOMENYOUNGER GIRLSYOUTHYOUTH DEVELOPMENTYOUTH EMPLOYMENTYOUTH POPULATION10.1596/978-1-4648-0505-9