Nellemann, SorenPodolskiy, OlegLevin, Victoria2015-09-142015-09-142015-09-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22612The aging of the Russian population and the rapid shrinking of its labor force in coming decades will make the human capital each worker contributes increasingly vital for sustaining economic output and growth. While improvements in general education are necessary to build the foundation for a productive future labor force, a broad-based and effective system of adult education can provide second-chance opportunities for current workers to enhance their productivity and lengthen their working lives and for low-skilled immigrants to be integrated into the workforce. How well the Russian Federation addresses these multiple needs at and beyond the workplace will depend on how effective its adult education system is. This study targeting policymakers outlines the problems of Russias growing skills gap, especially the shortage of higher-order cognitive and socio-emotional skills, and examines the current state of adult education.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOSKILLSCOMPUTER LITERACYFORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEMBASIC EDUCATIONFORMAL EDUCATIONSOCIALIZATIONTEACHERSSKILLED WORKERSNUMERACYSKILLS DEVELOPMENTGROUPSEDUCATION POLICYLEVELS OF EDUCATIONCOMPULSORY EDUCATIONFORMS OF EDUCATIONEDUCATION COMMITTEEHEALTH CAREHIGHER EDUCATIONADULT EDUCATIONDISTANCE LEARNINGLEARNING MATERIALSADULTSNATIONAL LANGUAGETRAINING CENTERSTEACHING STRATEGIESFACULTYLIFE EXPECTANCYPROFESSORSLITERACYEDUCATION MINISTERSKNOWLEDGEEDUCATED WORKERSCOGNITIVE TASKSVOCATIONAL SCHOOLSCRITICAL THINKINGSELF-EDUCATIONEDUCATION STATISTICSOPEN LEARNINGEDUCATION OPPORTUNITIESTRAININGTEACHER TRAININGDEMAND FOR EDUCATIONEDUCATORSSECONDARY SCHOOLSADULT LEARNINGEDUCATION ACTIVITIESRETRAININGVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONSOCIAL ROLESLEARNINGEDUCATION SYSTEMJOB TRAININGTEACHINGFORMAL ADULT EDUCATIONRADIOCOMPULSORY EDUCATION SYSTEMLIBRARIESSKILL ACQUISITIONTRADITIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEMSEDUCATION SYSTEMSLEARNERSREADINGTECHNOLOGYSOCIAL RELATIONSSTUDENT ASSESSMENTPROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONVOCATIONAL TRAININGSKILLS ACQUISITIONTRAINING COURSESSKILLS TRAININGVALUESSCHOOLSGENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATIONEDUCATION INSTITUTIONSCURRICULAEDUCATION SERVICESLEARNING OUTCOMESLIFELONG LEARNINGVULNERABLE GROUPSOCCUPATIONSPEDAGOGICAL EDUCATIONSKILLED WORKFORCECONTINUOUS EDUCATIONPRESCHOOL EDUCATIONEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSPROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITYEDUCATIONAL SERVICESMIGRANT WORKERSINFORMAL EDUCATIONREADING ACHIEVEMENTEDUCATIONAL BENEFITSQUALITY OF LIFETEACHERCOURSESEDUCATION PROVIDERSEDUCATIONAL NEEDSCOGNITIVE SKILLSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONQUALITY EDUCATIONEDUCATIONNONFORMAL EDUCATIONTYPES OF EDUCATIONOUTREACH ACTIVITIESSERVICE TRAININGSECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTCONTINUOUS LEARNINGTEACHING METHODSSTUDENTSQUALITY TRAININGADULT EDUCATION ACTIVITIESNUMBER OF STUDENTSEDUCATIONAL LEVELSPRIMARY EDUCATIONOLDER ADULTSADULT EDUCATORSCONTINUING EDUCATIONSCHOOLFORMAL BASIC EDUCATIONSECONDARY EDUCATIONDISTANCE TECHNOLOGIESUNIVERSITIESWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/22612