World Bank2014-08-192014-08-192006-05-15https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19428This report assesses Sri Lanka's experience with decentralization to date and discusses options for decentralization and implications for service delivery in three sectors: roads, solid waste and health. The selected sectors illustrate the considerations relevant to the decentralization decision and its future direction. The services selected cover a range of central, provincial and local responsibilities in delivery and illustrate how the cause of success or failure of service delivery is rooted in the institutional framework, division of responsibility, funding mechanisms i.e. incentives and accountability. The effective provision of these services requires a clear understanding of the service delivery goals, technical capacity, adequate assets and recurrent inputs to deliver services. Each sector has its particular needs and to some extent can be considered independently, but the political realities effectively require that any constitutionally mandated and elected level of government have some corresponding responsibilities.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATIONAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESAIRAIR TRAFFICAIR TRAFFIC CONTROLALLOCATION OF RESOURCESBASIC EDUCATIONBLOCK GRANTSBUDGET ALLOCATIONSBUDGET CONSTRAINTBUDGET CYCLEBUDGET PROCESSCAPITAL COSTSCAPITAL EXPENDITURECAPITAL EXPENDITURESCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCAPITAL PROJECTCAPITAL PROJECTSCENTRAL ADMINISTRATIONCENTRAL AGENCIESCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCENTRAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIESCENTRAL GOVERNMENTSCENTRAL MINISTRIESCENTRAL MINISTRYCENTRAL SPENDINGCITIESCITY TRANSPORTATIONCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGESCONGESTIONCONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTDEBTDECENTRALIZATIONDEFICITSDISTRICTDISTRICTSDRAINAGEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIES OF SCALEEFFICIENCY OF SERVICE DELIVERYEFFICIENT ALLOCATIONELECTRICITYENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIESEQUALIZATIONEXCISE DUTIESEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURE ASSIGNMENTEXPENDITURE RESPONSIBILITIESEXPENDITURESEXPENDITURES ON HEALTHEXPRESSWAYSEXTERNALITIESFATALITYFATALITY RATEFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONFISCAL FRAMEWORKFISCAL SPACEFISCAL TRANSFERFISCAL TRANSFERSFUELGASOLINEGASOLINE TAXGOVERNMENT SPENDINGHARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTSHEALTH SPENDINGHIGHWAYHORIZONTAL EQUITYHOUSINGINEFFICIENT PROVISIONINEFFICIENT URBAN LANDINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE PLANNINGINSPECTIONINTEREST COSTSINTERGOVERNMENTAL FINANCEINTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONSINTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSINTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERSLAND USELANESLEVEL OF GOVERNMENTLICENSESLOCAL AUTONOMYLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL REVENUELOCAL ROADSLOCAL TAXESMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMAYORSMINISTRY OF HEALTHMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATIONMOBILITYMOTOR VEHICLEMUNICIPALITIESMUNICIPALITYNATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEMNATIONAL HIGHWAYSNATIONAL TAXESNATIONAL TRANSPORTNET REVENUEPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOLICY INSTRUMENTPOLICY MAKERSPRIVATE SECTORPROPERTY RIGHTSPROPERTY TAX REFORMPROPERTY TAXESPROVINCEPROVINCESPROVINCIAL COUNCILPROVINCIAL COUNCILSPROVINCIAL EXPENDITURESPROVINCIAL FINANCESPROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTSPROVINCIAL GOVERNORSPROVINCIAL LEVELPROVINCIAL REVENUEPROVINCIAL ROADSPROVINCIAL SALESPROVINCIAL TAXPROVINCIAL TAX REVENUESPROVISION OF GOVERNMENT SERVICESPROVISIONSPUBLICPUBLIC EMPLOYEESPUBLIC EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONPUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AGENCIESREDISTRIBUTIONREVENUE ASSIGNMENTREVENUE ASSIGNMENTSREVENUE COLLECTIONREVENUE GAPREVENUE INCREASEREVENUE MOBILIZATIONREVENUE PER CAPITAREVENUE SHARINGREVENUE SOURCEREVENUE SOURCESREVENUE STREAMSREVENUE STRUCTUREREVENUE TRANSFERSROADROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD INVESTMENTROAD LINKSROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD SAFETYROAD SECTORROAD USERSANITATIONSOCIAL WELFARESOLID WASTE COLLECTIONSPECIAL DISTRICTSSTREET LIGHTINGSTRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENTSUB-NATIONALSUB-NATIONAL AUTHORITIESSUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTSUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTSSUBNATIONALSUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSSUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLESUBWAYSUBWAY STATIONSTAXTAX ADMINISTRATIONTAX ASSESSMENTSTAX BASETAX BASESTAX CAPACITYTAX EVASIONTAX RATESTAX REFORMTAX REVENUETAX REVENUESTAXATIONTAXPAYERSTELECOMMUNICATIONSTOLLTOLL ROADSTOTAL EXPENDITURESTOTAL HEALTH EXPENDITURESTOTAL PROVINCIAL REVENUESTOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURESTOWNTOWNSTRAFFICTRAFFIC DEMANDTRANSITTRANSIT STATIONSTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURETREASURYURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN LAND MANAGEMENTURBAN PLANNINGURBAN SERVICESURBANIZATIONUSER CHARGESVEHICLEVEHICLE FLEETS10.1596/19428