Edwards-Jones, GarethBrenton, PaulJensen, Michael Friis2012-03-192012-03-192010978-0-8213-8539-5https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2506Carbon accounting and labeling are new instruments of supply chain management and, in some cases, of regulation that may affect trade from developing counties. These instruments are used to analyze and present information on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from supply chains with the hope that they will help bring about reductions of GHGs. The designers of these schemes are caught in a dilemma: on one hand they have to respond to policy and corporate agendas to create new ways of responding to climate change challenges, while on the other they rely on very rudimentary knowledge about the actual GHG emissions emanating from the varied production systems that occur around the globe. This is because the underlying science of GHG emissions from agricultural systems is only partially developed; this is particularly true for supply chains that include activities in developing countries (Edwards-Jones et al., 2009). As a result of the pressures placed on designers and users of carbon accounting and labeling instruments, who are predominantly based in industrialized countries, there is a risk that carbon accounting and labeling instruments will not adequately represent production systems in developing countries. This report seeks to examine the potential for emerging carbon accounting and labeling schemes to accurately represent the production systems in developing countries. In order to achieve this it includes analyses of typical problems that may occur if the characteristics of developing countries' production systems are not taken into account properly. By doing this, the report provides relevant and necessary scientific data that illustrate potential problem areas that, if not addressed, may lead to developing-country carbon efficiencies not being given proper credit.CC BY 3.0 IGOAGRICULTURAL EMISSIONSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL SYSTEMSAIRAIRCRAFT EMISSIONSALLOCATIONCALCULATIONCAPITAL GOODSCARBONCARBON ACCOUNTINGCARBON CONTENTCARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DISCLOSURE PROJECTCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON FOOTPRINTCARBON SEQUESTRATIONCARBON STOCKSCARBON STORAGECH4CHEMICALSCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEANERSCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTSCLIMATE RESEARCHCOCO2COALCOAL MININGCOLORSCOMPARATIVE ANALYSISCOMPOSTCOMPOSTINGCONSERVATIONCONSUMER BEHAVIORCONSUMPTION OF FOSSILDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDIESELDIESEL GENERATORSECOLOGICAL ZONESECOLOGYECONOMIC CONSEQUENCESECOSYSTEMSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY SUPPLYEMISSIONEMISSION FACTOREMISSION FACTORSEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION VALUESEMISSIONSEMISSIONS DATAEMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTUREEMISSIONS FROM LAND USEEMISSIONS FROM LAND USE CHANGEEMISSIONS FROM SOILSEMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATIONENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY USEENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATIONENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYFARMSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFISHERIESFOOD PRODUCTIONFORESTFOREST TYPESFORESTRYFOSSIL FUELSFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEGHGGHGSGLOBAL EMISSIONGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTGLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALGOLDGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCKGREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATIONGREENHOUSE GASESGWPINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYIPCCLAKESLAND USELAND USE CHANGELAND-USE CHANGELAND-USE CHANGE EMISSIONSLANDFILLLIVESTOCK EMISSIONSLOSS OF SOIL CARBONLOW-CARBONMANUREMETALSMETHANEN2ONATURAL ECOSYSTEMSNATURAL RESOURCESNEGATIVE IMPACTSNH3NITROGENNITROUS OXIDENOXOILORGANIC CARBONPETPRODUCERSRAW MATERIALSRECYCLINGROAD TRANSPORTSCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGESODASOIL CARBONSUGAR CANESUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTIONSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTHERMAL POWERTOTAL EMISSIONSTROPICAL FORESTSTROPICAL REGIONSTROPICSUNCERTAINTIESWASTEWASTE DISPOSALWASTE GENERATIONWASTE MANAGEMENTWINDWORST-CASEWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8539-5