Richmond, ChristineKlapper, Leora2012-03-192012-03-192011-10-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3592The authors study firm dynamics using a novel database of all formally registered firms in Cote d'Ivoire from 1977 to 1997, which account for about 60 percent of gross domestic product. First, they examine entry and exit patterns and the role of new and exiting firms versus incumbents in job creation and destruction. They find that while the rate of job creation at new firms is quiet high -- at 8 percent on average -- the number of jobs added by new firms is small in absolute terms. Next, they examine survival rates and find that the probability of survival increases monotonically with firm size, but manufacturing and foreign-owned firms face higher likelihoods of exit compared with service oriented and domestically owned firms. They find that higher growth of gross domestic product increases the probability of firm survival, but this is a broad impact with no firm size disproportionately affected. In robustness checks, they find that after 1987 size is no longer a significant determinant of firm survival for new entrants, suggesting that the operating environment for firms changed. Finally, they find that trade and fiscal reform episodes raised the probability of firm exit and attenuated the survival disadvantages faced by smaller firms, but exchange rate revaluation and pro-private sector reforms did not significantly lower the likelihood of exit.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETSAGGREGATE EMPLOYMENTALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCYBANK LOANSBARRIERS TO ENTRYBUSINESS COMMUNITYBUSINESS CYCLEBUSINESS ECONOMICSBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS INCORPORATIONCANCERCAPITAL CONSTRAINTSCAPITAL MARKETSCENTRAL BANKCOMMERCIAL CAPITALCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVENESSCONTRACTING INDUSTRIESCONTROLLED PRICESCREATIVE DESTRUCTIONDEBTDEREGULATIONDEVALUATIONDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDRIVERSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OUTLOOKEMPIRICAL ANALYSISEMPIRICAL STUDIESEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT DYNAMICSEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEMPLOYMENT INFORMATIONEMPLOYMENT LEVELSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT PATTERNSEMPLOYMENT POLICYEMPLOYMENT SIZEENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENTENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITYENTREPRENEURSENTREPRENEURSHIPEXPANSIONEXPANSIONSEXPENDITURESEXPORTSFINANCIAL CRISISFIRM DYNAMICSFIRM ENTRYFIRM EXITFIRM GROWTHFIRM SIZEFIRM SIZE DISTRIBUTIONFIRM SURVEYSFIRM SURVIVALFIRM TURNOVERFIRMSFOREIGN OWNERSHIPFOREIGN-OWNED FIRMSFORMAL ANALYSISFUTURE RESEARCHGDPGDP PER CAPITAGNPGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH POTENTIALHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATESHUMAN RESOURCESIMPERFECT COMPETITIONIMPORT QUOTASINCOMEINDUSTRIAL ECONOMICSINFORMAL ECONOMYINFORMAL SECTORJOB CHURNINGJOB CREATIONJOB CREATION RATEJOB DESTRUCTIONJOB DESTRUCTION RATEJOB FLOWSJOB LOSSESJOB TURNOVERJOBSLABOR CONTRACTSLABOR MARKETSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR REGULATIONSMACROECONOMIC GROWTHMANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTSMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIESMARGINAL TAX RATESMICROENTERPRISESNET EMPLOYMENTNET JOB LOSSESOILOPPORTUNITY COSTPARTYPOLICY MAKERSPREVIOUS SECTIONPREVIOUS STUDIESPRICE CONTROLSPRIVATE MARKETPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR ACTIVITYPRIVATE SECTOR FIRMSPRIVATE SECTOR JOBSPRODUCERSPRODUCT MARKETPRODUCTIVE FIRMSPRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTSPROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELREAL GDPRECESSIONARY PERIODREGRESSION ANALYSISSEESSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE SECTORSERVICE SECTORSSMALL BUSINESSSMALL ENTERPRISESSMALL FIRMSSTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISESSURVIVAL ANALYSISSURVIVAL RATESTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETERMS OF TRADETOTAL EMPLOYMENTTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE REFORMSUNEMPLOYMENT RATESWAGE BILLWAGESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5828