Fernandes, Ana M.Freund, CarolinePierola, Martha Denisse2015-11-052015-11-052015-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22865This paper presents new data on the micro structure of the export sector for 45 countries and studies how exporter behavior varies with country size and stage of development. Larger countries and more developed countries have more exporters, larger exporters, and a greater share of exports controlled by the top 5 percent. The extensive margin (more firms) plays a greater role than the intensive margin (average size) in supporting exports of larger countries. In contrast, the intensive margin is relatively more important in explaining the exports of richer countries. Exporter entry and exit rates are higher and entrant survival is lower at an early stage of development. The paper discusses the results in light of trade theories with heterogeneous firms and the empirical literature on resource allocation, firm size, and development. An implication from the findings is that developing countries export less because the top of the firm-size distribution is truncated.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOSUNK COSTSMICRO STRUCTURETAXESWELFAREINTERNATIONAL BANKSUPPLYWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONINSTRUMENTSWARRANTSOIL EXPORTING COUNTRIESOUTCOMESEXCHANGE RATESSUPPLY SHOCKSINVESTINGPOVERTYTRADE REGIMESEXPORTERSPROFITSPURCHASING POWERTRADE REGIMETRADE PERFORMANCEINVESTMENTFINANCIAL CRISISECONOMYTRANSACTIONSDEMANDGDPLESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIESRETURNSPOVERTY REDUCTIONTHEORYCOUNTRY FIXED EFFECTSDOMESTIC MARKETTRADE LIBERALIZATIONDISTRIBUTIONUNCERTAINTYECONOMIC RESEARCHTRADE STATISTICSDEVELOPMENT POLICYEXPORTERMARKET ACCESSCURRENCYINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSSHAREEXCHANGE RATEMARKET DYNAMICSDISTORTIONSWEALTHGROWTH RATESVARIABLESCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECONSOLIDATIONRETURNS TO SCALEINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICSLIBERALIZATIONSCATTER PLOTTRUST FUNDEXPORT VOLUMESFUTUREINSURANCEFIXED EFFECTSINPUTSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTGOODSACCOUNTINGGOODGRAVITY MODELSPURCHASING POWER PARITYINFLUENCEBILATERAL TRADEFUTURE RESEARCHGDP PER CAPITAWORLD TRADEFOREIGN MARKETSEXPORT MARKETEXCHANGE RATE SHOCKSUNCERTAINTIESCOLONIZEREXCHANGE MARKETBUDGETTARIFFSDEVELOPMENTDUMMY VARIABLEPOLITICAL ECONOMYCOMMON COLONIZERTAXCHECKTRADE DATATRADE BARRIERSECONOMIESMARKETMACROECONOMICSMARGINAL PRODUCTSMARKETSLOCAL CURRENCYEXCHANGETOTAL EXPORTSCONSOLIDATION PROCESSINTERNATIONAL TRADETAXATIONCOINDISTORTIONOPTIONFIXED COSTSINCOMEROBUSTNESS CHECKEXPORTSTRADE SHOCKMICRO DATALABOR MARKETREAL EXCHANGE RATEHOLDINGDEVELOPING COUNTRYFINANCIAL SUPPORTPRODUCTIVITYINTERESTEXPORT GROWTHOPEN ECONOMYEMERGING MARKETSTOTAL EXPORTTURNOVERVALUECOSTSEXPORT MARKETSRE-EXPORTSWAREHOUSESINCOME LEVELSFIRM PERFORMANCEDEPENDENT VARIABLEECONOMICSTRADEDEVELOPING COUNTRIESECONOMIC POLICYFINANCEPROPERTIESWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORSWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-7452