World Bank2013-04-182013-04-182013-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13207Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country, with more than 238 million people living in an archipelago comprising over 17,000 islands. Over the past decade the Indonesian economy has experienced positive economic growth, reduced poverty, and made continued progress towards many of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). For example, Indonesia has already met and surpassed projected reductions in the number of underweight children under five years old to below 18 percent and is on track to meeting its targets for reducing overall child mortality and the targets for achieving universal basic education. While clear progress has been made on reducing poverty rates, inequality has persisted, with the result that many children and families have not shared in these gains. Over 30 million Indonesians live below the poverty line (US $2 per day) and half of all households are clustered around the poverty line. Of the poor, 65 percent currently live in rural areas. For these families, national economic improvements have brought only modest gains in health and education, putting children's development at risk and threatening national progress. A notable achievement for Indonesia is that primary school enrollment is now near 100 percent for boys and girls of all income levels. However, as children move through the primary years, the enrollment disparities seen in Early Childhood Education and Development, or ECED services re-emerge. Educational attainment profiles reveal that while almost all children from all segments of society start primary school, children from poorer households and children from rural areas have more difficulties progressing from lower levels of education to higher levels. Only 55 percent of rural children make it to junior secondary school, and less than a quarter enroll in senior secondary. In contrast, 80 percent of urban children make it to junior secondary school and almost two-thirds enroll in senior secondary.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATIONACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATIONACCESS TO SCHOOLINGBASIC EDUCATIONBASIC EDUCATION TEACHERSBLOCK GRANTSCERTIFIED TEACHERSCIVIL SERVICECIVIL SERVICE TEACHERSCLASS SIZECLASSROOMCOMMITMENT TO EDUCATIONCURRICULUMCURRICULUM DEVELOPMENTDECENTRALIZATIONDECISION MAKINGDISTRICT EDUCATIONEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONEDUCATED TEACHERSEDUCATION BUDGETEDUCATION DATAEDUCATION EXPENDITUREEDUCATION EXPENDITURESEDUCATION FACILITIESEDUCATION FOR ALLEDUCATION LEVELEDUCATION MANAGEMENTEDUCATION OUTCOMESEDUCATION PLANNERSEDUCATION POLICYEDUCATION PROGRAMSEDUCATION QUALITYEDUCATION SECTOREDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTEDUCATIONAL EXPANSIONEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMESEDUCATIONAL PLANNINGEDUCATIONAL RESEARCHEFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONEFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION SPENDINGELEMENTARY SCHOOLSEMPLOYMENTENROLLMENT RATEENROLLMENT RATESENROLMENT DATAEXAMEXAM SCOREEXAMSGERGROSS ENROLLMENTGROSS ENROLLMENT RATEGROSS ENROLLMENT RATESHIGH SCHOOLHIGHER EDUCATIONHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESINSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTORSJUNIOR SECONDARYJUNIOR SECONDARY EDUCATIONJUNIOR SECONDARY LEVELJUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLJUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLSLABOR FORCELEARNINGLEARNING ACHIEVEMENTLEARNING MATERIALSLEARNING OPPORTUNITIESLEARNING OUTCOMESLECTURERSLETLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLITERACYLITERACY TESTSLITERATURELOW TEACHER MOTIVATIONMINISTRIES OF FINANCEMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMULTIGRADE TEACHINGNATIONAL EDUCATIONNATIONAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEMNATIONAL LIBRARYNERNET ENROLLMENTNET ENROLLMENT RATENUMBER OF STUDENTSNUMBER OF TEACHERSPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY LEVELPRIMARY LEVELSPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTPRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERPRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERSPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE UNIVERSITIESPROFICIENCYPUBLIC EDUCATION SPENDINGPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC SCHOOLPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUBLIC UNIVERSITIESPUPIL-TEACHER RATIOSQUALIFIED TEACHERSQUALITY OF EDUCATIONREADINGRESEARCH INSTITUTERESEARCH REPORTRESOURCES FOR EDUCATIONRETURNS TO EDUCATIONSALARY INCREASESSCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMSSCHOLARSHIPSSCHOOL BUDGETSSCHOOL CHANGESCHOOL CONSTRUCTIONSCHOOL CONTRACTSCHOOL DATASCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL FUNDINGSCHOOL GOVERNANCESCHOOL IMPROVEMENTSCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTSSCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURESCHOOL LEVELSCHOOL LEVELSSCHOOL OPERATIONSCHOOL PERFORMANCESCHOOL REHABILITATIONSCHOOL SUPPLIESSCHOOL TEACHERSSCHOOL YEARSCIENCE STUDYSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERSSECONDARY SCHOOLSSMALL SCHOOLSSMALLER NUMBERSPECIAL NEEDSSPORTSSTAFF DEVELOPMENTSTAFF REMUNERATIONSTOCK OF TEACHERSSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENTSTUDENT ASSESSMENTSTUDENT LEARNINGSTUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMESSTUDENT OUTCOMESSTUDENT PERFORMANCESTUDENT RESOURCESSTUDENT SUPPORTSTUDENT TEACHER RATIOSTUDENT TEACHER RATIOSSTUDENT-TEACHER RATIOSTUDENT-TEACHER RATIOSSTUDENTS IN MATHEMATICSSTUDENTS PER TEACHERSUBJECT TEACHINGTEACHERTEACHER BEHAVIORTEACHER CERTIFICATIONTEACHER CHARACTERISTICSTEACHER EDUCATIONTEACHER EMPLOYMENTTEACHER HIRINGTEACHER INCENTIVESTEACHER MANAGEMENTTEACHER PER SCHOOLTEACHER QUALIFICATIONSTEACHER QUALITYTEACHER RATIOSTEACHER REQUIREMENTSTEACHER SALARIESTEACHER WELFARETEACHINGTEACHING COMPETENCIESTEACHING FORCETEST SCORESTESTS OF MATHEMATICSTEXTBOOKSTRAINING PROGRAMSUNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATIONWORKERSYOUTHWorld Bank10.1596/13207