World Bank2014-02-122014-02-122013-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17012This report reviews the tools and mechanisms which could contribute to offsetting the negative effects of the current crisis on primary school outcomes in Madagascar. In a context of rapid deterioration of key education indicators, including enrollment and survival, key education stakeholders are faced with the challenging task of identifying tools and mechanisms that may contribute to rapidly restoring access to education. While a variety of programs have been implemented in the past, limited evidence exists on their potential impact on key factors influencing school outcomes. In addition, given the limited domestic and international resources at the disposal of policy-makers, priorities need to be established that will focus on the most urgent and important aspects of the current situation. This report aims at providing key stakeholders in the sector with information on existing tools and mechanisms that could potentially be used to put a halt to the rapid decline of the sectors. The analysis also identifies interventions with a strong potential to offset the effects of the crisis over the short and medium term.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACADEMIC PERFORMANCEACADEMIC YEARACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO SCHOOLINGACCESS TO SCHOOLSACCOMPANIMENT OF CHILDRENACHIEVEMENTADOLESCENTSADULT LITERACYAGE GROUPATTENDANCE RATEATTENDANCE RATESBASIC EDUCATIONBASIC NEEDSBENEFICIARY PUPILSBIRTH REGISTRATIONBLACKBOARDSBLIND CHILDRENCHILD LABORCHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTCHILDREN IN SCHOOLSCHURCHESCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSCLASSROOMCLASSROOM FURNITURECLASSROOM TIMECLASSROOMSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY TEACHERSCOSTS OF EDUCATIONDEAF CHILDRENDEMAND FOR EDUCATIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDIPLOMASDISABLED CHILDRENDISADVANTAGED CHILDRENDISADVANTAGED PUPILSDROPOUT RATEDROPOUT RATESEDUCATION COMMUNITYEDUCATION CYCLEEDUCATION DECISIONSEDUCATION FOR ALLEDUCATION INDICATORSEDUCATION INFRASTRUCTUREEDUCATION LEVELEDUCATION MANAGEMENTEDUCATION METHODSEDUCATION OUTCOMESEDUCATION QUALITYEDUCATION SECTOREDUCATION SPENDINGEDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL BENEFITSEDUCATIONAL COSTSEDUCATIONAL DECISIONSEDUCATIONAL INDICATORSEDUCATIONAL NEEDSEDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCEEDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMESENROLLMENT LEVELSENROLLMENT OF CHILDRENENROLLMENT RATESEQUITABLE ACCESSEXAMEXAMSEXTERNAL FUNDINGEXTRA PUPILSFEMALE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDFREE SCHOOLINGGENDER EQUITYGERGIRLSGROSS ENROLLMENTGROSS ENROLLMENT RATEHIGH COSTSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD RESOURCESHOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIESHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMPACT OF EDUCATIONIMPROVING ACCESSINCLUSIVE EDUCATIONINDIRECT COSTSINTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONINTERVENTIONSINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONJUNIOR SECONDARYJUNIOR SECONDARY CYCLEJUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLJUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLSLEARNERSLEARNINGLEARNING OUTCOMESLEARNING OUTCOMES ASSESSMENTLETLIFE EXPECTANCYLITERACY ACTIVITIESLITERACY RATESLIVING CONDITIONSLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL COMMUNITIESLOCAL LEVELMENTAL DISABILITIESMENTORSMORALITYNATIONAL EDUCATIONNATIONAL EDUCATION BUDGETNATIONAL EDUCATION MINISTRYNATIONAL SCHOOLNEGATIVE EFFECTSNEGATIVE IMPACTNONFORMAL EDUCATIONNUMBER OF PUPILSNUMBER OF REPEATERSNUMBER OF STUDENTSNUTRITIONNUTRITIONAL STATUSOUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDRENPARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONPARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONSPARTICIPATION OF PARENTSPASS RATEPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPOSITIVE IMPACTPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY ENROLLMENTPRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATEPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDRENPRIMARY SCHOOL FEESPRIMARY SCHOOL OUTCOMESPRIVATE EDUCATIONPRIVATE JUNIOR SECONDARYPRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE SCHOOLPRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERSPRIVATE SCHOOLSPRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLSPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC PRIMARYPUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLSPUBLIC SCHOOLPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUPIL SPENDINGQUALITY OF EDUCATIONRECENT EVIDENCEREGIONAL EDUCATIONREPETITIONREPETITION RATESRURAL AREASSANITATIONSCHOLARSHIPSSCHOOL ACHIEVEMENTSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL BOOKSSCHOOL CANTEENSSCHOOL CHILDRENSCHOOL DIRECTORSSCHOOL EDUCATIONSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL ENROLMENTSSCHOOL FEEDINGSCHOOL FEESSCHOOL FUNDINGSCHOOL HEALTHSCHOOL LEVELSCHOOL LIFESCHOOL MANAGEMENTSCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEESCHOOL PLACESSCHOOL SUCCESSSCHOOL SUPPLIESSCHOOL SUPPLYSCHOOL SYSTEMSCHOOL TEACHERSSCHOOL VOUCHERSSCHOOL YEARSCHOOLINGSCHOOLING COSTSSCHOOLSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSEXUAL EXPLOITATIONSIGNIFICANT IMPACTSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSTREET CHILDRENSTUDENT LOANSTARGET SCHOOLSTARGETED POPULATIONSTEACHERTEACHER ABSENTEEISMTEACHER TRAININGTEACHERSTEACHINGTEACHING STAFFTEXTBOOKSTRAINING CENTERSUNIVERSAL EDUCATIONUNIVERSITIESURBAN AREASURBAN SCHOOLSVISUAL IMPAIRMENTVITAMIN AVOCATIONAL TRAININGVOUCHERSVULNERABLE FAMILIESVULNERABLE PUPILS10.1596/17012