World Bank2015-04-292015-04-292013-06-13https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21826The aim of this report is to provide a broad overview of the current state of gender equality in Tajikistan. While the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region traditionally surpassed many other regions in terms of gender equality, this advantage has been eroding in recent decades. Particularly in Tajikistan, concerns have been raised that men and women have unequally born the consequences of economic, political, and social transitions after independence in 1991. The report examines several dimensions of gender equality both quantitatively and qualitatively. Tajikistan has set up a legal framework that enshrines principles of equality and non-discrimination, but better implementation results require continued efforts. Prevailing social norms and patriarchal systems of decision-making limit women s ability to make effective choices be it at home or at work. The paper is structured along the following lines. The first section introduces the idea of agency that will remain an important issue throughout the report. This is followed by an analysis of disparities in human capital endowment, including health and education. Gender gaps in the Tajik labor market and entrepreneurial activities of men and women are discussed in the fourth and fifth section. The final section concludes with some policy recommendations that might be beneficial for discussions among policy-makers, civil society actors, and development partners.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO INFORMATIONADOLESCENT GIRLSAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL SECTORBUSINESS DEVELOPMENTBUSINESS WORKSHOPSCHILD HEALTHCHILDBEARINGCHILDBIRTHCIVIL SOCIETY ACTORSCIVIL WARCORRUPTIONCOUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENTCULTURAL RIGHTSDELIVERY CAREDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESDEMOGRAPHIC PROFILESDISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMENDISEASESDOMESTIC VIOLENCEEARLY MARRIAGEEARLY MARRIAGESEARNINGSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICSECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC RESOURCESECONOMIC SITUATIONEDUCATED WOMENEDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL CHOICESELDERLYELDERLY MENELDERLY WOMENELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATIONEMPLOYEEEMPLOYERSEMPLOYMENT STATUSENDOWMENTSENROLLMENTENROLMENT RATESENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIESEQUAL ACCESSEQUAL OPPORTUNITIESEQUAL PAYEQUAL RIGHTSEQUAL WORKEQUALITY IN EDUCATIONEQUALITY OF MENEXPENDITUREFAMILIESFEMALE EDUCATIONFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIPFEMALE POPULATIONFEMALE STAFFFEMALE STUDENTSFEMALE WORKERSFERTILITYFERTILITY RATESFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTSFINANCIAL LITERACYFINANCIAL RESOURCESFOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONSFORMS OF DISCRIMINATIONFUTURE GENERATIONSGENDERGENDER ANALYSESGENDER ASSESSMENTGENDER AWARENESSGENDER DISCRIMINATIONGENDER DISPARITIESGENDER EQUALITYGENDER GAPGENDER GAPSGENDER ISSUESGENDER MAINSTREAMINGGENDER POLICIESGENDER RELATIONSGENDER ROLESGENDER SEGREGATIONGENDER STEREOTYPESGENDER STUDIESHEALTH RISKSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHIVHIV INFECTIONHIV INFECTIONSHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD POVERTYHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RIGHTSHUSBANDHUSBANDSIDIMPORTANT POLICYINCLUSION OF WOMENINDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURSINFANTINFORMAL SECTORINFORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYMENTINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMSINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATIONINTRAVENOUS DRUG USEJOINT LIABILITYJOURNALISTSLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MIGRANTSLABOR MIGRATIONLABOUR MARKETLACK OF ACCESSLACK OF COLLATERALSLACK OF FINANCELEGAL ADVICELEGAL RIGHTSLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLIMITED ACCESSLITERACY RATESLIVE BIRTHSLIVING STANDARDSLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMALE INVOLVEMENTMARKET ECONOMYMASS MEDIAMATERNAL HEALTHMATERNAL MORTALITYMICRO-FINANCEMIGRANTMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDSMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMORTALITYMOTHERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL STRATEGYNEW BUSINESSESNUMBER OF WOMENOLD-AGEOUTREACHPENSIONSPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL DECISIONPOLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTYPOLITICAL RIGHTSPOLITICAL RIGHTS OF WOMENPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION STUDYPREGNANCYPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRINCIPLE OF EQUALITYPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSPROMOTING GENDER EQUALITYPUBLIC LIFERELIGIOUS PRACTICESREMITTANCESREPRESENTATION OF WOMENREPRODUCTIVE ROLESRESPECTRIGHTS OF WOMENROLE OF WOMENRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL WOMENSAFETY NETSCHOLARSHIPSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY ENROLMENTSECONDARY SCHOOLSEXSEXUAL INTERCOURSESEXUAL VIOLENCESHADOW REPORTSKILL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL UNRESTSTATE POLICYSTATE SUPPORTSUPPORT FOR WOMENTERTIARY EDUCATIONTERTIARY LEVELTRADITIONAL GENDER ROLESUNDPUNESCOUNICEFUNIONUNITED NATIONSUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMENUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMEUNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTVICIOUS CYCLEVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENWOMANWORKING CONDITIONSWORLD POPULATIONYOUNG WOMENReportWorld Bank10.1596/21826