Jackson, Lee AnnAnderson, Kym2013-06-262013-06-262004-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14223The first generation of genetically modified (GM) crop varieties sought to increase farmer profitability through cost reductions or higher yields. The next generation of GM food research is focusing also on breeding for attributes of interest to consumers, beginning with "golden rice," which has been genetically engineered to contain a higher level of vitamin A and thereby boost the health of unskilled laborers in developing countries. The authors analyze empirically the potential economic effects of adopting both types of innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). They do so using the global economy-wide computable general equilibrium model known as GTAP. The results suggest that the welfare gains are potentially very large, especially from nutritionally enhanced GM wheat and rice, and that-contrary to the claims of numerous interests-those estimated benefits are diminished only slightly by the presence of the European Union's current barriers to imports of GM foods. In particular, if SSA countries impose bans on GM crop imports in an attempt to maintain access to EU markets for non-GM products, the loss to domestic consumers due to that protectionism boost to SSA farmers is far more than the small economic gain for these farmers from greater market access to the EU.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADVERSE IMPACTSAFRICAN FARMERSAGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGYAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAGRICULTUREANIMALSBILATERAL TRADEBIOSAFETYBIOTECHNOLOGYCANCERCHEMICAL COMPOUNDSCOARSE GRAINSCOMMODITIESCOMPETITIVENESSCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALECONSUMER PREFERENCESCONSUMERSCOST SAVINGSCOTTONCROP PRODUCTIONCROP VARIETIESCULTIVARSDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT RESEARCHECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC EFFECTSECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC PROGRESSECONOMIC STRUCTURESECONOMIC WELFAREELASTICITIESELASTICITYEMPLOYMENTENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHEQUILIBRIUMEXCHANGE RATESEXPORTSFAOFARMERSFARMSFOOD CROPSFOOD PRICESFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD PRODUCTSFULL EMPLOYMENTGDPGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELGENETIC ENGINEERINGGENETIC MODIFICATIONGENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMSGRAINGRAIN PRODUCTIONGRAINSGREEN REVOLUTIONIDENTITYIMPORTSINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINNOVATIONINTERMEDIATE INPUTSIRRIGATIONLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK PRODUCTSMAIZEMALNUTRITIONMARGINAL COSTNATURAL RESOURCESNET IMPORTSOILSEED CROPSOILSEEDSPERFECT COMPETITIONPESTICIDESPLANT BREEDINGPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPRODUCERSPRODUCT DIFFERENTIATIONPRODUCT MARKETSPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPRODUCTIVITY INCREASESPROTECTIONISMRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRICERICE VARIETIESROOT CROPSROOTSSEEDSOYBEANTECHNICAL CHANGETERMS OF TRADEUNITED NATIONSVALUATIONWAGESWELFARE EFFECTSWELFARE GAINSWHEATWILLINGNESS TO PAYWTOYIELDSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3411