Jett, Alexander Nicholas2012-08-132012-08-132011-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/10880In 2010, eight new telecom projects with private participation reached financial or contractual closure in seven low and middle income countries. These projects involved investment commitments of US$4.2 billion. Telecommunications projects implemented in the 1990-2009 period attracted new investment of US$67 billion, bringing total investment commitments to the sector to US$71.2 billion in 2010. Total investment in the sector grew by 15 percent in 2010 compared with 2009, recovering from the sharp drop in 2009, but remained below the pre-financial crisis levels of 2007-08. The number of new projects reaching financial closure (eight) was the lowest of the entire period of 1990-2010), suggesting that activity in most countries focused on network expansion of existing operators rather than increasing the number of operators. Certainly, telecommunications operators in many developing countries have merged or consolidated in the last few years.CC BY 3.0 IGOAIRAIR TRAFFICAIRPORTAIRPORT DEVELOPMENTAIRPORT EXPANSIONAIRPORTSAIRPORTS CONCESSIONASSET UTILIZATIONASSETSAUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTIONBAGGAGEBAGGAGE CHECKBIDBIDDER OFFERINGBIDSBONDBOND ISSUEBRIDGEBRIDGESCARGOCOLLECTION SYSTEMCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMMUTERSCOMPETITIVE BIDDINGCOMPETITIVE BIDDING PROCESSCONCESSIONCONCESSION CONTRACTCONCESSION CONTRACTSCONCESSION MODELCONCESSION PROCESSCONCESSIONAIRESCONCESSIONSCONTAINER TERMINALDAILY TRAFFICDEBT GUARANTEEDEBT REPAYMENTDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDOWN PAYMENTEQUITY CONTRIBUTIONEXCESS TRAFFICEXISTING ASSETSFARE COLLECTIONFINANCIAL CLOSUREFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTSFINANCIAL CRISISGOVERNMENT INVESTMENTGOVERNMENT PAYMENTSGOVERNMENT SUBSIDIESGOVERNMENT SUBSIDYGOVERNMENT SUPPORTHEAVY VEHICLESHIGHWAYHIGHWAY CONSTRUCTIONHIGHWAY PROJECTHIGHWAYSHOLDINGHOLDINGSINCOMEINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCEINTERCHANGESINTERNATIONAL AIRPORTINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVE BIDDINGINVESTMENT BANKINVESTMENT PROGRAMJOINT VENTUREJOINT VENTURE COMPANYLANESLEASE CONTRACTLEASE CONTRACTSLOANLOCAL ROADSMANDATEMARKET CONDITIONSMETRO RAILMETRO RAIL CORPORATIONPEDESTRIANPEDESTRIAN CROSSINGPETROL STATIONSPHYSICAL ASSETSPORT AUTHORITYPORT TERMINALSPRIVATE EQUITYPRIVATE TRANSPORTPUBLIC INFORMATIONRAILRAIL INFRASTRUCTURERAIL PASSENGERRAIL PASSENGER SERVICERAILROADRAILROADSRAILWAYRAILWAYSRETURNRETURNSROADROAD CONCESSIONROAD CONCESSIONSROAD PROJECTSROADSROADWAYROADWAYSROLLING STOCKRUNWAYSENIOR DEBTSENIOR LENDERSSHAREHOLDERSSPEEDSTATE HIGHWAYTELECOMMUNICATIONSTOLLTOLL COLLECTIONTOLL COLLECTION SYSTEMTOLL ROADTOLL ROAD CONSTRUCTIONTOLLSTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRAFFIC RISKTRAINSTRANSPORTTRANSPORT ACTIVITYTRANSPORT INVESTMENTTRANSPORT PROJECTSTREASURYUNDERGROUNDUNDERGROUND STATIONSVEHICLEVIADUCTSWorld Bank10.1596/10880