Ministry of Rural DevelopmentWorld Bank2014-04-112014-04-112011-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17745Indian remains one of the countries wherein a lot of efforts are still required to eliminate the practice of open defecation. In rural areas, open defecation though reduced in scale continues to be a socially and culturally accepted traditional behavior largely. Low awareness of the potential health and economic benefits of better sanitation and hygiene practices, perception of high costs of having a toilet, the perceived convenience of open defecation are some of the other bottlenecks towards achievement of the goal of open defecation free India. Lack of priority to safe confinement and disposal of human excreta poses significant health risks manifest in the sanitation challenge facing the nation today. However, the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) launched by Government of India in 1999 has gone a long way in achieving and sustaining the status of open defecation free Gram Panchayats in rural India and ensuring healthy and hygienic environment. The vigorous efforts made under this Campaign have helped to achieve rural sanitation coverage to an estimated 70 per cent as of March 2011. The campaign has proved to be one of the most effective programs for its focus on community-led, demand driven approach, making long term positive impact on the health profiles and quality of lives of millions of rural people. The campaign has developed strategic components to ensure full coverage of sanitation through financial and programmatic support in software and hardware component of household, school, anganwadi and community sanitation. The handbook may also be useful for district and state functionaries involved in the implementation of the TSC. It may also be of interest to other professionals and entrepreneurs working in the field of rural sanitation.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADEQUATE REPRESENTATIONADEQUATE WATERADEQUATE WATER SUPPLYBOTTLENECKSCAPACITY BUILDINGCEMENTCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCENTRAL GOVERNMENTSCHALKCOMMUNITY ENGAGEMENTCOMMUNITY INVOLVEMENTCOMMUNITY MANAGEMENTCOMMUNITY MEMBERSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY SANITATIONCOMMUNITY TOILETCOMMUNITY TOILETSCOMMUNITY WASTECONCRETECONNECTIONSCONSTRUCTIONCOST OF WATERCOST RECOVERYCUBIC METREDECISION MAKINGDEMAND FOR SANITATIONDISPOSAL SYSTEMDRAINDRAINAGEDRAINAGE SYSTEMDRAINSDRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER SUPPLYENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTEXCAVATIONFAIRSFEMALESFLUSH TOILETFRAMEWORKGENDERGRADEGRAVELGROUNDWATERHAND PUMPHAND WASHINGHOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONHOUSEHOLD_SANITATIONHOUSEHOLDSHOUSESHUMAN WASTEHYGIENEHYGIENE EDUCATIONINCOMEINDIVIDUAL CONNECTIONSINTEREST GROUPSINTERVENTIONINTERVENTIONSLATRINELATRINESLEASINGLIMELOCAL COMMUNITIESMAINTENANCE COSTSMAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTSMOBILITYMORTARNUMBER OF WATEROPEN DEFECATIONOPERATIONAL COSTSOWNERSHIP OF LANDPIPESPIPINGPITSPLASTERPROVISION OF WATERPUBLIC TOILETPUBLIC TOILETSREINFORCEMENTREVENUE GENERATIONROUTESRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL SANITATIONRURAL VILLAGESRURAL WATERSAFE DISPOSALSAFE SANITATIONSANDSANITATIONSANITATION COVERAGESANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION FACILITYSANITATION PROGRAMSELF HELPSERVICE PROVISIONSHARINGSHELTERSLABSOLID WASTESPANSTATUS OF SANITATIONSTEELSTONESUSTAINABLE SANITATIONTOILETTOILET BLOCKTOILET FACILITIESTOILET FACILITYTOILET SEATSTRANSPORTATIONUNTREATED WATERURBAN AREASUSERSUTILITIESVILLAGE COMMUNITIESVILLAGE LEVELWASTE DISPOSALWASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMSWASTE WATERWASTE WATER MANAGEMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMWATER BODIESWATER STORAGEWATER TABLEYOUTH10.1596/17745