World Bank2014-04-162014-04-162013-02-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17867This review analyzes the profile, trends and challenges of Georgia's changing urban landscape since independence in 1991 and provides policy suggestions to facilitate the economic transition of the country through its cities. In its analysis and subsequent recommendations on policy interventions, this report draws on a program of diagnostics called the 'Urbanization Review' (UR). The UR diagnostic is based on three main pillars of urban development which have emerged as key areas of policy engagement for successful cities. These are: a) planning, charting a course for cities by setting the terms of urbanization, especially policies for using urban land and expanding basic infrastructure and public services; b) connecting, physically linking people to jobs, and businesses to markets; and c) financing, raising and leveraging up-front capital to meet the increasing demand for infrastructure and services. In moving forward, the review recommends that Georgia focus on: a) developing a national urban strategy that recognizes the contribution of each city to the overall economy, i.e. a 'systems of cities' approach that can assist in reducing regional disparities; b) assisting cities to develop urban plans, including local economic development plans, c) reforming building and planning codes; and d) assisting cities in improving their local governance and finances.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SANITATIONACCESS TO SERVICESACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGADEQUATE HOUSINGAPARTMENT BUILDINGSAPARTMENTSARCHITECTUREARMED CONFLICTAUTONOMYBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBIG CITIESBIG CITYBRAIN DRAINBUFFER ZONESBUILDING CODESBUILDING INDUSTRYBUILDING PERMITSCAPITAL CITIESCENSUSESCITIES ALLIANCECITIZENSCITY CENTERSCITY DEVELOPMENTCITY LEADERSCITY PLANNINGCIVIL UNRESTCOMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURECOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY SERVICESCONCENTRATION OF POPULATIONCONSTRUCTION PERMITCONSTRUCTION PERMITSCOUNTRIES OF ORIGINDECENTRALIZATIONDESCRIPTIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT PLANSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDISASTERSDISPLACED PERSONSDISTRICT HEATINGDISTRICTSDWELLINGEARTHQUAKEECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC TRANSITIONEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEQUALITYEQUALIZATIONETHNIC MINORITIESFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHOMEOWNERSHOTELHOUSESHOUSINGHOUSING CONSTRUCTIONHOUSING DEVELOPMENTHOUSING MARKETSHOUSING SHORTAGEHOUSING STOCKHOUSING UNITSHUMAN GEOGRAPHYINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDSINDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIESINDUSTRIALIZATIONINEQUITIESINFORMATION SYSTEMINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINHABITANTSINTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONSINTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERSINTERNATIONAL BORDERSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERVENTIONINTERVENTIONSJOB OPPORTUNITIESLABOR MARKETLAND MANAGEMENTLAND REFORMLAND REGISTRATIONLAND REGISTRATION SYSTEMLAND USELARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLELAWSLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGAL STATUSLEGISLATIONLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSMANAGEMENT SYSTEMSMARKET ECONOMYMAYORSMETROPOLITAN AREASMETROPOLITAN CITIESMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMIGRATION DATAMILLENNIUM CHALLENGEMODERNIZATIONMUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENTMUNICIPALITIESNATIONAL LEADERSNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL POPULATIONNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNEIGHBORHOODSNUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDSPHYSICAL PLANNINGPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY RESPONSEPOPULATION CENSUSPOPULATION CHANGESPOPULATION CONCENTRATIONPOPULATION DECLINEPOPULATION DECREASEPOPULATION DENSITIESPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION DISTRIBUTIONPOPULATION DYNAMICSPOPULATION ESTIMATESPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULOUS COUNTRYPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSPUBLIC BUILDINGSPUBLIC POLICIESPUBLIC SERVICESREFUGEESREGIONAL DEVELOPMENTREGIONAL DISPARITIESREGIONAL PLANNINGREGIONAL POPULATIONRENTAL HOUSINGREPATRIATIONRESETTLEMENTRESIDENCESRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSRESIDENTIAL MOBILITYRESPECTRURAL AREASRURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYSAFETYSANITATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVISIONSERVICE SECTORSETTLEMENTSETTLEMENT PATTERNSSEWAGESLUMSSMALL TOWNSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SERVICESSOURCE OF DRINKING WATERSPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONSPATIAL PLANNINGSTATE UNIVERSITYSUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTAXATIONTEMPORARY SHELTERTERTIARY EDUCATIONTOURISMTOWNSTRANSPORTUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN AGGLOMERATIONURBAN AREAURBAN AREASURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN DEVELOPMENT POLICYURBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGYURBAN DWELLERSURBAN ECONOMYURBAN GROWTHURBAN GROWTH RATEURBAN INDICATORSURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN LANDURBAN MANAGEMENTURBAN PLANNINGURBAN PLANSURBAN POLICIESURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POPULATIONSURBAN POVERTYURBAN REGENERATIONURBAN SECTORURBAN SECTOR STRATEGYURBAN SERVICE DELIVERYURBAN SETTLEMENTSURBAN STRATEGYURBAN TRANSFORMATIONURBAN TRANSITIONURBANIZATIONURBANIZATION PROCESSURBANIZED AREASUSER FEESUTILITIESVILLAGESWARWASTEWATER TREATMENTWATER SUPPLYZONING10.1596/17867