Varley, Robert C.G.2014-09-172014-09-172005-04-27https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20208China's environmental degradation has developed over centuries, but record recent rates of economic growth have now widened environmental impacts and accelerated many adverse trends. China's urbanization and industrialization have produced rising material standards of living but have ever more costly environmental consequences. The period 1992-2001 coincided with a renewed Bank commitment to the environment, culminating in a new 2001 Bank environmental strategy. For the evaluation period there were four policies against which environmental performance can be judged: mainstreaming the environment; enforcing environmental safeguards; implementing a global agenda; and environmental stewardship. The environment and social sector development sector management unit (SMU) has a small professional staff and manages the few Bank-funded specialized environment projects. The Bank provided intellectual leadership and when economic sector work (ESW) was critical, the stakes were so high that the overall cost-effectiveness of ESW was assured. Rightly the Bank participated enthusiastically and shared knowledge with a pluralistic group of donors allied to Chinese research institutes and non-government organizations (NGOs).en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGACIDACID RAINADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSAFFORESTATIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAIRAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYANNUAL EMISSIONSAPPROACHATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONSAUDITSBALANCEBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONBOILER PLANTSBREWINGCAPACITY UTILIZATIONCARBONCARBON EMISSIONSCERTIFICATIONCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMANDCHEMICAL PROCESSESCLEANER EMISSIONSCLIMATECOCO2COALCOAL BRIQUETTESCOAL EXTRACTIONCOAL POWER PLANTSCOAL-FIRED POWERCOASTAL AREASCOASTAL RESOURCESCODCOLLECTION SYSTEMSCOLORSCOMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIESCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKCONSOLIDATIONCONSTRUCTIONCONTAMINATED WATERCONVERGENCECROP PRODUCTIONCULTIVATED LANDDEBTDECENTRALIZATIONDESERTIFICATIONDISTRICT HEATINGDOMESTIC USEDUSTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INCENTIVESECONOMIC INSTRUMENTSELECTRICITYELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORSEMISSIONEMISSION FEESEMISSION RATESEMISSIONSEMISSIONS LIMITSEMISSIONS TAXESEMPLOYMENTENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY POLICYENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTSENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCESENVIRONMENTAL COSTSENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYENVIRONMENTSEROSION CONTROLESPEUTROPHICATIONFARMING PRACTICESFARMSFINANCIAL LEVERAGEFISHFISHINGFLOODSFORESTFOREST AREAFOREST COVERFOREST MANAGEMENTFORESTRYFRESHWATER LAKESGASGAS DESULFURIZATIONGAS PRODUCTIONGENERATIONGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGROUNDWATERHEAVY METALSHIGH LEVELSHYDROPOWERINCREMENTAL COSTSINDUSTRIAL BOILERINDUSTRIAL BOILERSINDUSTRIAL POLLUTIONINVENTORYIRRIGATION SYSTEMSLAND DEGRADATIONLAND RECLAMATIONLAND RESOURCESLAND USELAND USE CHANGELARGE CITIESLAWSLEGAL FRAMEWORKLNGLOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOGGINGMANDATESMETHANEMETROPOLITAN AREASMFMPMONTREAL PROTOCOLMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSMUNICIPAL WASTEWATERMUNICIPALITIESNATURAL FOREST MANAGEMENTNATURAL FORESTSNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCESNOXODSOPEN SYSTEMSOVERGRAZINGOXYGENOZONEOZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCESPARTICLESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE EMISSIONSPARTICULATESPETROLEUMPETROLEUM SECTORPIPELINEPIPELINE PROJECTSPLANT OPERATIONSPM10POLICY MAKERSPOLLUTION CONTROLPOLLUTION LEVIESPOWER SECTORPROJECT MANAGEMENTPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONQUALITY ASSESSMENTQUALITY STANDARDSRAINFALLRATING SYSTEMSRAW MATERIALSREDUCING EMISSIONSRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTSRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCE MANAGEMENTRETIREMENTRIVER BASINSRIVERSSEWAGESOIL CONSERVATIONSTORMSSULFURSULFUR DIOXIDESULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONSSULPHURSULPHUR DIOXIDESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE FORESTRYTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETHERMAL PLANTSTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER PLANTSTIMBERTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRANSPORTTREE PLANTATIONSURBAN AIR POLLUTIONURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBANIZATIONUTILITIESWASTE MANAGEMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENTWATER POLLUTIONWATER QUALITYWATER SUPPLYWATER TREATMENTWATER USEWILLINGNESS TO PAYWIND10.1596/20208