Dasgupta, SusmitaHuq, MainulKhan, Zahirul HuqMasud, Md. SohelAhmed, Manjur Murshed ZahidMukherjee, NandanPandey, Kiran2012-03-192012-03-192010-11-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3950Two-thirds of Bangladesh is less than 5 meters above sea level, making it one of the most flood prone countries in the world. Severe flooding during a monsoon causes significant damage to crops and property, with severe adverse impacts on rural livelihoods. Future climate change seems likely to increase the destructive power of monsoon floods. This paper examines the potential cost of offsetting increased flooding risk from climate change, based on simulations from a climate model of extreme floods out to 2050. Using the 1998 flood as a benchmark for evaluating additional protection measures, the authors calculate conservatively that necessary capital investments out to 2050 would total US$2,671 million (at 2009 prices) to protect roads and railways, river embankments surrounding agricultural lands, and drainage systems and erosion control measures for major towns. With gradual climate change, however, required investments would be phased. Beyond these capital-intensive investments, improved policies, planning and institutions are essential to ensure that such investments are used correctly and yield the expected benefits. Particular attention is needed to the robustness of benefits from large-scale fixed capital investments. Investments in increased understanding of risk-mitigation options and in economic mobility will have especially high returns.CC BY 3.0 IGOANNUAL PRECIPITATIONBANKSBUILDING CODESCAPITAL COSTCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONSCLIMATE CHANGE RISKCLIMATE CHANGE RISKSCLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOCLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOSCLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGYCLIMATE MODELCLIMATE NEGOTIATIONSCLIMATE PROOFINGCLIMATE RISKCLIMATE RISK SCREENINGCLIMATE RISKSCLIMATE SCENARIOCLIMATE-RELATED RISKSCONGESTIONCONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGECOPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGECOST BENEFIT ANALYSISCOST ESTIMATESCULVERTSCYCLONIC STORMDAMAGESDISASTERDISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER RELIEFDRAINAGEDRAINAGE SYSTEMSEARLY WARNINGEARLY WARNING SYSTEMSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGEEMERGENCY SHELTERSEMISSIONEMISSION SCENARIOEMISSION SCENARIOSEROSION CONTROLEVAPORATIONEVAPOTRANSPIRATIONEXTREME EVENTEXTREME EVENTSEXTREME WEATHEREXTREME WEATHER EVENTSFATALITIESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFLOODFLOOD CONTROLFLOOD DAMAGEFLOOD FORECASTINGFLOOD MANAGEMENTFLOOD PROTECTIONFLOODEDFLOODINGFLOODSFOOD SECURITYFUTURE CLIMATE CHANGEGCMGLOBAL WARMINGHEAVY RAINFALLHYDROLOGICAL SCIENCESHYDROLOGICAL YEARIMPACT OF CLIMATEIMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGEIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEIMPORTSINCOMEINFORMATION ON CLIMATEINFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGEINFORMATION SYSTEMINFRASTRUCTURESINSPECTIONINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGEIPCCIRONLA NINALAND USELENGTH OF ROADLENGTH OF ROADSMOBILITYMONSOONSNATIONAL HIGHWAYSNATURAL DISASTERSNEGOTIATIONSPEAK PERIODPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION GROWTHPPPRECIPITATIONPROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCEPUBLIC WORKSRAILRAIL NETWORKRAIL TRACKRAIL TRACKSRAILWAYRAILWAYSRAINRAINFALL DATARAINFALL RUNOFFRELIEF OPERATIONSRISK EXPOSURERISK EXPOSURESROADROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD NETWORKROAD TYPEROADSROADWAYRURAL ROADSSCIENTIFIC EVIDENCESEASONSTORMSTORM SURGESSURFACE RUNOFFTEMPERATURETEMPERATURE INCREASETIDAL WAVESTOTAL COSTTOTAL COSTSTOTAL DAMAGESTRAINSTRANSPORTTYPES OF ROADSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5469