World Bank2013-03-282013-03-282010-06-29https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13028Due to climate change and increasing food prices, emphasis needs to be placed on addressing water management as a key determinant for agricultural production and productivity. However, governments and donors have tended to pay relatively little attention to this area, and investments remain low. This report, which is based on economic and sector work carried out in the Water Anchor of the World Bank, highlights the importance of improving water management in rainfed agriculture, with a focus on those production systems where water is a main constraint. It provides a synthesis of the state-of-the-art thinking and experience. Considering the various issues that are currently preventing further upscaling of these measures, and better evaluation of the feasibility of applying particular measures or combination of measures, the report proposes options and recommendations for interventions to help overcome these issues. In doing so, the report aims to stimulate discussion and encourage new thinking among World Bank staff and counterparts in client countries who work on enhancing agricultural productivity and livelihoods in rainfed agriculture through improved water management and related interventions.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO MARKETSACTUAL RAINFALLADVERSE EFFECTSAFDBAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENTAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRYAGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONSAGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATIONAGRICULTURAL INVESTMENTAGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONAGRICULTURAL PRACTICESAGRICULTURAL PRICESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIESAGRICULTURAL USESAGRICULTURAL WATER USEAGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE ORGANIZATIONAGROFORESTRYAGRONOMIC PRACTICESAGRONOMYANIMALSAQUIFERSARID AREASARID CONDITIONSARID REGIONSAVERAGE YIELDAVERAGE YIELDSBASINSBIODIVERSITYBIOMASSBOTANYCARBON DIOXIDECARBON SEQUESTRATIONCASE STUDIESCASH CROPSCATCHMENTCATCHMENTSCENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCHCGIARCGIAR CENTERSCHICKPEASCIFORCLASSIFICATIONCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE IMPACTSCLIMATE VARIABILITYCLIMATIC CONDITIONSCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCOMPETITION FOR WATERCONSTRUCTIONCOTTONCOVER CROPSCOVERINGCROPCROP INSURANCECROP MANAGEMENTCROP MANAGEMENT PRACTICESCROP PRODUCTIONCROP ROTATIONCROP ROTATIONSCROP YIELDSCROPLANDCROPPINGCROPPING SEASONSCROPPING SYSTEMDAMSDATA COLLECTIONDEEP PERCOLATIONDEFICIT IRRIGATIONDEFORESTATIONDESERTIFICATIONDISCHARGEDISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALLDOWNSTREAM USERSDRAINAGEDROUGHTDRY SEASONSDRYLAND FARMERSEARTHWORKSECONOMIC GROWTHECOSYSTEMSENGINEERINGEROSIONEROSION CONTROLESTUARIESEVAPORATIONEVAPOTRANSPIRATIONEVAPOTRANSPIRATION MEASUREMENTEXTERNALITIESFAOFARM PONDSFARMERSFARMINGFARMING SYSTEMSFERTILIZERSFISHERIESFLOOD DAMAGEFLOODINGFLOODSFLOW REGULATIONFLUSHINGFOOD DEMANDFOOD PRICESFOOD SUPPLYFORESTRYFORESTSFRUITGISGRAINGRAIN CROPSGRAIN SORGHUMGREEN REVOLUTIONGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER RECHARGEGROWING SEASONHARVESTICARDAICEICRISATIFADIITAIMPACT ASSESSMENTINTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHINTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL WATERINTUITIONIRRIGATION DEVELOPMENTLAND COVERLAND MANAGEMENTLAND USELIVESTOCKLOW RAINFALLMAIZEMALNUTRITIONNATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTNUTRIENTSORCHARDSORGANIC MATTERPARKSPASTURESPESTICIDEPESTICIDE USEPLAINSPLANT BREEDINGPLANT GROWTHPLANT PRODUCTIONPLANTATIONPONDSPOPULATION GROWTHPOTATOESPOTENTIAL YIELDSPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRECIPITATIONPRECIPITATION PATTERNSPRESSUREPROGRAMSRAINRAINFALL EVENTSRAINFED CROPSRAINWATERRECHARGEREMOTE SENSINGRESEARCH CENTERSRESERVOIRSRICERIDGINGRIPARIANRIPARIAN VEGETATIONROOT ZONEROOTSRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYSATELLITE DATASEDIMENTSEDIMENT LOADSILTSNOWSOIL CONSERVATIONSOIL EROSIONSOIL MANAGEMENTSOIL MOISTURESOIL MOISTURE STORAGESOIL PROFILESOIL STRUCTURESOILSSTORM WATERSTREAMSTREAMFLOWSUGARSURFACE RUNOFFTHE CONSULTATIVE GROUPTRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURETREESTROPICAL AGRICULTUREUNEPUNITED NATIONSUSE OF WATERVEGETATIONVEGETATIVE BARRIERSWATER AVAILABILITYWATER CONSERVATIONWATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUESWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER CONTENTWATER DEPARTMENTWATER DEVELOPMENTWATER HARVESTINGWATER LAWWATER MANAGEMENTWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSWATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENTSWATER QUANTITYWATER REQUIREMENTSWATER RESOURCESWATER RETENTIONWATER RIGHTSWATER SUPPLYWATER SYSTEMSWATER USE EFFICIENCYWATER VAPORWATERSHEDWATERSHED DEVELOPMENTWATERSHEDSWETLANDSWHEATWILDLIFEWINTER WHEATWorld Bank10.1596/13028