Shemyakina, Olga N.2012-03-192012-03-192011-07-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3500Shortly following its independence in 1991, Tajikistan suffered a violent civil war. This study explores the effect of this conflict on education and labor market outcomes for men and women. The results are based on the data from the 2003 and 2007 Tajik Living Standards Measurement Surveys that were separated from the 1992-1998 Tajik civil war by five and nine years, respectively. The regression analysis that controls for the cohort and regional-level exposure points toward a persistent and lasting gap in the educational attainment by women who were of school age during the war and lived in the more conflict-affected regions as compared with women the same age who lived in the lesser affected regions and also to the older generation. These empirical results support the anecdotal and observational evidence about the decline in female educational attainment in Tajikistan. Interestingly, this group of young women is more likely to hold a job as compared with the rest of the analytical sample. Conditional on being employed, men and women in the more conflict-affected areas do not receive wages that are significantly different from wages received by men and women in the lesser affected areas.CC BY 3.0 IGOACTIVE LABORACTIVE LABOR MARKETACTIVE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTSADULTHOODADULTSAGE GROUPAGE GROUPSAGEDARMED CONFLICTARMED CONFLICTSBASIC EDUCATIONBORROWINGBUSINESS CYCLECIVIL CONFLICTCIVIL WARCROSS-SECTIONAL DATACULTURAL CHANGEDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDISPLACEMENTDRIVERSEDUCATION OF PARENTSEDUCATION OF WOMENEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELDERLYEMPLOYABILITYEMPLOYMENT INCREASESEMPLOYMENT OF WOMENEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESEMPLOYMENT PATTERNSEMPLOYMENT STATUSETHNIC GROUPETHNIC GROUPSFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE LABORFEMALESFEWER YEARS OF EDUCATIONFIRST MARRIAGEFORCED RESETTLEMENTGENDERGENDER RELATIONSGENDER ROLESGENDER SPECIFICGENERATIONSGENOCIDEHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATESHOUSEHOLD COMPOSITIONHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN RESOURCESHUMAN RIGHTSHUSBANDSIMPACT OF CONFLICTIMPORTANT POLICYINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIONJOB OPPORTUNITIESJOBSLABOR ECONOMICSLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET EXPERIENCELABOR MARKET EXPERIENCESLABOR MARKET IMPACTLABOR MARKET OUTCOMELABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKETSLABOR SUPPLYLABOURLABOUR SUPPLYLEGISLATORSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIVING STANDARDSLONG-RUN EFFECTLONG-RUN EFFECTSMALE LABOR FORCEMALESMARITAL STATUSMARRIED WOMENMIDWIVESMIGRANTMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMILITARY PERSONNELMOTHERMOTHERSNATIONAL COMMITTEENUMBER OF WOMENNURSESOCCUPATIONOCCUPATIONSOLD-AGEOLDER MENOLDER WOMENOUTSIDE EMPLOYMENTPARTICIPATION BY WOMENPEACEPENSIONSPERMANENT JOBPERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENTPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL ECONOMYPRESENT STUDYPRIMARY REASONPRIVATE TRANSFERSPROBIT REGRESSIONPROBIT REGRESSIONSPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSRAPESRATIO OF WOMENREMITTANCEREMITTANCESRESPECTRURAL AREASRURAL RESIDENCESCHOOL AGESCHOOL ATTENDANCESECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOL DIPLOMASECONDARY SCHOOL LEVELSECONDARY SCHOOLINGSEXSEX RATIOSEX RATIOSSOCIAL CAPITALSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SECURITYSPOUSESPOUSESSUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURESUBSTITUTION EFFECTTOTAL EMPLOYMENTTRADITIONAL VALUESTRANSPORTATIONUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED PEOPLEUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNICEFUNMARRIED WOMENUNSKILLED WORKERSURBAN DWELLERSVIOLENCEWAGE PREMIUMWAGE STRUCTUREWAGESWOMANWOMEN EMPLOYMENTWORK EXPERIENCEWORKERWORKERSWORKFORCEYOUNG GIRLSYOUNG WOMENWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5738