Zeng, Douglas Zhihua2012-06-012012-06-012008978-0-8213-7306-4https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6918Although Africa is falling behind in today's global economic race, it holds pockets of vital economic activity -- many in the form of enterprise clusters scattered across the continent's countries and industries. By clustering, enterprises are able to overcome constraints in capital, skills, technology, and markets. Enterprise clusters help their constituents grow and compete by encouraging more effective knowledge and technology diffusion and product specialization, leveraging local comparative advantage, fostering production value chains, and achieving collective efficiency. In so doing, they contribute significantly to Africa's economic growth. They provide jobs for the continent's growing population, thus enabling families not only to survive, but also to educate their children and perhaps move out of poverty. But in today's increasingly knowledge-intensive and globalized economy, these clusters also face serious challenges in the areas of technology, natural resources, infrastructure, skill acquisition, and quality control. This book aims to provide an understanding of how these dynamic enterprise clusters in Africa were formed and have evolved, and how knowledge, human capital, and technology have contributed to their success.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CAPITALACCESSORIESAGENTSAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGYARTISANARTISANSATTRIBUTESAUTOMOBILEAUTOMOTIVEBARRIERS TO ENTRYBASICBASIC SKILLSBUSINESS ACTIVITIESBUSINESS CENTERBUSINESS CENTERSBUSINESS DEVELOPMENTBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS SECTORBUSINESS SERVICESBUSINESS VALUEBUSINESSESCAPABILITIESCAPABILITYCAPITAL CITIESCERTIFICATESCITIESCOLLABORATIONCOMMERCIAL ACTIVITIESCOMMODITIESCOMMODITYCOMMUNICATION FACILITIESCOMMUNICATION SERVICESCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGYCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENTCOMPETITIVENESSCOMPONENTSCOMPUTER HARDWARECOMPUTER SCIENCESCOMPUTERSCONSUMER GOODSCOPYINGCOPYRIGHTCURRICULACUSTOMCUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPSDECISION-MAKINGDEVICESDOIDYNAMIC ENTERPRISEE-MAILECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIES OF SCALEEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSEDUCATIONAL REFORMSELECTRIC MOTORSELECTRICITYELECTRONICSENABLING ENVIRONMENTENGINEERINGENGINEERSENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENTEQUIPMENTEXPERIENTIAL LEARNINGEXPORT MARKETSEXPORT PROMOTIONFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTSFLOW OF INFORMATIONFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN INVESTMENTSFORMAL EDUCATIONGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL KNOWLEDGEGLOBAL KNOWLEDGE ECONOMYGLOBAL MARKETGLOBAL MARKETSGLOBALIZATIONGROWTH STRATEGIESGROWTH STRATEGYHANDICRAFTHANDICRAFTSHUMAN CAPITALICTIDSINDUSTRIAL BASEINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIAL TRAININGINFORMATION EXCHANGEINFORMATION SERVICEINFORMATION SERVICE CENTERSINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONINNOVATION SYSTEMSINNOVATIONSINSTITUTIONAL SUPPORTINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSINTERFACEINTERMEDIATE TECHNOLOGYINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESSINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSINTERNET ACCESSINVENTIONSJOINT VENTURESKNOW-HOWKNOWLEDGE ACQUISITIONKNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENTKNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE FOR DEVELOPMENTKNOWLEDGE NETWORKSKNOWLEDGE REVOLUTIONLEARNINGLEARNING PROCESSESLICENSESLICENSINGMANUFACTURINGMARKET ACCESSMARKET DEMANDMARKET DEMANDSMARKETINGMARKETING STRATEGYMATERIALMOBILE PHONEMOVEMENT OF GOODSNATURAL RESOURCESNETWORKINGNEW TECHNOLOGIESNEW TECHNOLOGYOPEN UNIVERSITYPHONE CARDSPHONE LINESPHOTOPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTUREPOLICY SUPPORTPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATIONPRIVATE SECTORSPRODUCT DESIGNSPRODUCT INNOVATIONSPRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTIVITYPROTOTYPESPUBLIC GOODSPUBLISHINGPURCHASING POWERQUERIESR&DRESULTRESULTSSEARCHSECONDARY EDUCATIONSERVICE PROVIDERSTACIT KNOWLEDGETECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL KNOWLEDGETECHNICAL SKILLSTECHNICAL SUPPORTTECHNICAL TRAININGTECHNICIANSTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTTECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITYTECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORTTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGY POLICYTECHNOLOGY SUPPORTTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTELECOMTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELEPHONETERTIARY EDUCATIONTRAINING ACTIVITIESTRAINING INSTITUTESTRAINING PROGRAMSTRANSACTIONTRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSIONSUNIVERSITIESUSERSVALUE CHAINVALUE CHAINSWEALTH CREATIONWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7306-4