World Bank2012-06-142012-06-142008-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8101Nicaragua is a small, open economy that is vulnerable to external and natural shocks. With an estimated Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of US$1000 in 2006, and a total population of 5.2 million, it is one of the poorest countries in Latin America. Forty six percent of the population lived below the poverty line in 2005 (while 15 percent lived in extreme poverty), and the incidence of poverty is more than twice as high in rural areas (68 percent) than in urban areas (29 percent). Nicaragua's social indicators also rank among the lowest in the region, commensurate with its relatively low per capita income level. Nicaragua's long-term development vision is set out in its National Development Plan (NDP), 2005-2009, which gives greater importance to economic growth than the strategy document that preceded it. This also serves as its second Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS). The goals of the PRS incorporate the MDGs, and establish medium (2006-2010) to long term targets (2015). By 2005, the country had made satisfactory progress on meeting the PRS/MDG targets for reducing extreme poverty, increasing net primary enrollment, and reducing infant and child mortality. This National Development Plan is being revised by the new government that took office on January 2007, which has expressed interest in maintaining policy continuity in those areas that have shown progress and tackling pending development challenges. These include efforts to improve the country's growth performance while reducing poverty, macroeconomic stability as a necessary, although not sufficient, condition to stimulate growth, and reduce poverty, a special focus on social issues that impact the poorest, including the MDGs, and environmental sustainability. Programmatic priorities for the new administration include a renewed focus on poverty reduction using a multi-sector approach, implementing pragmatic solutions to the energy crisis for the short to medium term; expanding water and sanitation services with environmentally sustainable solutions; sharing economic growth more broadly to tackle hunger, malnutrition and poverty; placing greater emphasis on preventive health and continuing social protection programs; extending illiteracy programs and improving education services, and pursuing municipal decentralization, state modernization, and good governance.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCESS TO PRESCHOOLACCOUNTINGADULT EDUCATIONADULT EDUCATION PROGRAMBENEFICIARIESBENEFICIARYCALCULATIONSCANCERCHILD CARECHILD CARE CENTERSCHILD DEVELOPMENTCHILDBIRTHCLASSROOMSCLINICSCONSUMERCONTRIBUTIONCONTRIBUTIONSCOST PER STUDENTDAY CAREDENTISTRYDISEASESEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC RESOURCESEDUCATION PROGRAMSEDUCATION SERVICESEDUCATION SPENDINGEDUCATIONAL CAMPAIGNSEDUCATIONAL CENTERSEDUCATIONAL PARTICIPATIONEDUCATIONAL PROGRAMEDUCATIONAL PROGRAMSENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHEQUAL OPPORTUNITIESEQUAL PARTICIPATIONETHNIC GROUPSEXERCISESFAMILIESFAMILY CONSUMPTIONFAMILY INCOMEFERTILITYFERTILITY RATESFEWER CHILDRENFINANCESFOOD SUPPLEMENTSFORMAL EDUCATIONGENERAL POPULATIONGENERAL PUBLICGOVERNMENT SUPPORTGRADE SCHOOLSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE SERVICESHEALTH CARE SYSTEMHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHIGH RATES OF FERTILITYHOSPITALSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLNESSILLNESSESIMMUNIZATIONINCOME GROUPSINCOME LEVELINCOME LEVELSINCOMESINDIGENOUS GROUPSINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATEINFORMATION CAMPAIGNSINJURIESINSTITUTIONALIZATIONINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSINTERVENTIONINTERVENTIONSLACK OF INFORMATIONLACK OF INTERESTLACK OF KNOWLEDGELEARNINGLEVEL OF DEBTLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLEVELS OF CONSUMPTIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW INCOMELOWER INCOMELOWER-INCOME HOUSEHOLDSMALARIAMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL FACILITYMEDICAL SERVICESMEDICINESMIGRATIONMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORBIDITYMORTALITYNATIONAL COUNCILNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNATIONAL LEVELNATURAL RESOURCESNOURISHMENTNUMBER OF CHILDRENNURSINGNUTRITIONPLACE OF RESIDENCEPOOR FAMILIESPOOR INDIVIDUALSPOPULATION DISTRIBUTIONPOPULATION GROUPSPOTENTIAL USERSPOVERTY LEVELPOVERTY LEVELSPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIESPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPRESCHOOL CENTERSPRESCHOOL EDUCATIONPREVENTION ACTIVITIESPREVENTIVE HEALTH CAREPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY EDUCATION ENROLLMENTPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL AGEPRIMARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCEPRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTPRIMARY SCHOOLINGPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE SCHOOLPRIVATE SCHOOLSPROGRESSPROVISION OF EDUCATIONPUBLIC DEBTPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HOSPITALSPUBLIC INFORMATIONPUBLIC INFORMATION CAMPAIGNSPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONPURCHASING POWERQUALITY OF CAREQUALITY OF HEALTH CAREQUESTIONNAIREQUESTIONNAIRESREADINGRESPECTRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL POPULATIONRURAL SCHOOLSSANITATIONSAVINGSSCHOLARSHIPSCHOLARSHIPSSCHOOL AGESCHOOL AGE CHILDRENSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL EXPENDITURESSCHOOL QUALITYSCHOOL STUDENTSSCHOOL SUPPLIESSCHOOL SYSTEMSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOLSSERVICE PROVISIONSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL EXPENDITURESSOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL STUDIESSOCIAL WELFARESOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENCESSPECIAL EDUCATIONSPENDING INCREASETEACHER TRAININGTEACHERSTECHNICAL EDUCATIONTERTIARY LEVELTERTIARY LEVELSTRANSPORTATIONUNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATIONUNIVERSITY EDUCATIONURBAN AREASURBAN POPULATIONUSE PER CAPITAVACCINATIONVALUABLEVIOLENCEVULNERABILITYYOUNG CHILDRENYOUNG PEOPLEWorld Bank10.1596/8101