Mani, Muthukumara S.2013-01-022013-01-022012-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12032One of the strong messages that came out of the recent United Nations Climate Change conference in Durban was that the private sector has to play an important role if we are to globally move toward a low carbon, climate resilient -- or "climate compatible" -- future. However, private investment will only flow at the scale and pace necessary if it is supported by clear, credible, and long-term policy frameworks that shift the risk-reward balance in favor of less carbon-intensive investment. The private sector also needs information on where to invest in clean energy in emerging markets, and it needs policy support to lower investment risk. Barriers to low carbon investments often include unclear and inconsistent energy policies, monopoly structures for existing producers, stronger incentives for conventional energy than clean energy, and a domestic financial sector not experienced in new technologies. With the long-term goal of promoting and accelerating the implementation of climate mitigation technologies, this study aims to facilitate development of a policy framework for promoting sustainable investment climates for clean energy investments in South Asia and elsewhere. A key aspect of the study is also the pilot construction of the Climate Investment Readiness Index for several countries. The index is a tool to objectively evaluate the enabling environment for supporting private sector investment in select climate mitigation or low carbon technologies.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAIRALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTAPPLIANCE STANDARDSAPPROACHAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGYAQUIFERSAVAILABILITYBALANCEBATTERIESBIOMASSBIOMASS POWERBIOMASS ­ GASIFICATIONCAPITAL COSTCAPITAL COSTSCARBONCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON ENERGYCARBON TECHNOLOGIESCARBON TRADINGCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEAN ENERGYCLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESCLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGYCLEAN TECHNOLOGIESCLEAN TECHNOLOGYCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENTCLIMATE VARIABILITYCLIMATESCLOUD COVERCOCO2COALCOMBUSTIONCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMPARATIVE ANALYSISCOMPLIANCE COSTSCONDITIONERSCONSTRUCTION COSTCONSTRUCTION MATERIALSCONVENTIONAL ENERGYDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDIESELDIESEL GENERATORSDIFFUSIONDISCOUNT RATESDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMICSELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC POWER GENERATIONELECTRIC UTILITIESELECTRIC VEHICLESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY BILLSELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY PRICESELECTRICITY SUPPLYEMERGING MARKETSEMISSIONEMISSION TARGETSEMISSIONS ABATEMENTEMISSIONS TARGETSEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEMPLOYMENTENABLING ENVIRONMENTENABLING ENVIRONMENTSENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY COSTSENERGY DEMANDENERGY ECONOMICSENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDSENERGY MARKETENERGY POLICIESENERGY POLICYENERGY PRODUCTSENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SECURITYENERGY TAXESENERGY USAGEENERGY USEENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONENVIRONMENTSEXCHANGE RATEEXTERNALITIESFEEDSTOCKFINANCIAL ASSISTANCEFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SUPPORTFIXED COSTSFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTORSFORESTRYFORESTSFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL IMPORTSFOSSIL FUELSGENERATIONGHGGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONSHEATHEAT RECOVERYHIGH ENERGY INTENSITYHIGHER ENERGY PRICESHOST COUNTRIESHYDRO POWERHYDROPOWERINCOMEINDUSTRIAL WASTEINSURANCEINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTEREST RATEINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINVESTMENT ACTIVITYINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT CLIMATESINVESTMENT DECISIONSINVESTMENT RISKIRRADIATIONLOW-CARBONMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMACROECONOMIC VARIABLESMARKET CONDITIONSMARKET FAILUREMARKET FAILURESMARKET PRICESMATURITYMINERAL RESOURCESOILONSHORE WINDOPPORTUNITY COSTSPENALTIESPERFORMANCE STANDARDSPOLICY ENVIRONMENTPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLICY MAKERSPORTFOLIOPOTENTIAL INVESTORSPOWERPOWER GENERATIONPOWER INVESTMENTSPOWER PLANTPOWER PLANTSPOWER PRODUCERPOWER PRODUCERSPOWER PROJECTPOWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTSPOWER SECTORPOWER SOURCESPPPRIVATE INVESTMENTPUBLIC GOODPUBLIC UTILITIESPURCHASING POWERRAW MATERIALRAW MATERIALSREAL ESTATEREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLYRENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDSRENEWABLE POWERRENEWABLE SOURCESRENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIESRISK MANAGEMENTRULE OF LAWSILICONSMALLER TURBINESSOLAR CELLSSOLAR ENERGYSOLAR PANELSSOLAR POWERSOLAR PROJECTSSOLAR RADIATIONSOLAR SYSTEMSSOURCE OF ENERGYSTREAMSSURPLUS POWERSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTARIFF STRUCTURETAXTAX CREDITSTAX EXEMPTIONSTAX INCENTIVESTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGETOTAL COSTTRANSMISSION FACILITIESTRANSMISSION LINESUNEPUTILITIESUTILIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESVOLTAGEWINDWIND ENERGYWIND EQUIPMENTWIND POWERWIND POWER CAPACITYWIND POWER GENERATIONWIND SPEEDWIND SPEEDSWIND TURBINESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6211