World Bank2013-03-152013-03-152011-06-27https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12770The purpose of this policy note is to contribute to an understanding of the factors that combine to constrain the development of smallholder agriculture in Swaziland. It seeks to shed light on why, despite being well-endowed in land and water resources, and despite having a climate that is generally favorable for the production of crops and livestock, Swaziland is obliged to import substantial amounts of food to feed the population. Also, why, in spite of the significant investments that have made in the agricultural sector and in spite of the extensive farming experience of the 70 percent of the population that lives off the land, smallholder farm productivity and production have been declining over time. Finally, the policy notes identify priority areas where strategic interventions are needed to turn things around and get smallholder agriculture going as a driver of growth and poverty reduction. This note provides an overview of smallholder agriculture in Swaziland, identifes constraints that may be contributing to poor performance in the smallholder sector, and evaluates technological options that could improve productivity of smallholder farmers. In addition, it summarizes the findings of a recent review of public spending on agriculture, undertaken to identify trends and patterns in agricultural spending over the last five years and to determine whether the government's budget allocations have been effective in supporting the intended development of smallholder agriculture. After addressing these questions, the policy note points to entry points where future government interventions could help to reverse the current negative trends.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO IRRIGATIONACCESS TO MARKETSADBAFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANKAGRIBUSINESSAGRIBUSINESS ENTERPRISESAGRICULTURAL CENSUSAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIESAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTAGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATIONAGRICULTURAL EXTENSIONAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL INPUTSAGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATIONAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL MARKETINGAGRICULTURAL MARKETSAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTAGRICULTURAL POLICIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL PROGRAMSAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTESAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTIONSAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTURAL SUPPORTAGRICULTURAL WORKAGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE ORGANIZATIONAGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGIONSANIMAL HEALTHANIMAL PRODUCTIONANIMALSAPPLIED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGYARABLE LANDBEANSBEEFBEEF CATTLEBREEDINGBUDGET DEFICITCAPACITY BUILDINGCASSAVACATTLECATTLE PRODUCTIONCOMMERCIAL AGRICULTURECOMMERCIAL FARMERSCONFLICTCOST-EFFECTIVENESSCOTTONCOTTON PRODUCTIONCROPCROP PRODUCTIONCROPPINGCROPSDAIRY BOARDDAIRY INDUSTRYDESERTIFICATIONDISTRIBUTION OF LANDDRINKING WATERDROUGHTECOLOGICAL ZONESECONOMIC GROWTHEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEQUIPMENTEUROPEAN COMMISSIONEXTENSION AGENTSEXTENSION SERVICESEXTREME POVERTYFAMILY FARMSFAOFARM PRODUCTIVITYFARMERSFARMERS ORGANIZATIONSFARMINGFARMING ACTIVITIESFARMING SYSTEMSFARMSFEEDFISHERIESFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD INSECURITYFOOD PREFERENCESFOOD PRICESFOOD PROCESSINGFOOD PROCESSING EQUIPMENTFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD SECURITYFOOD SUPPLYFORESTRYFRUITSFUNDING MECHANISMSGENDERGRAINHORTICULTURAL CROPSHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SIZEHUNGERIFADINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINNOVATIONINTEGRATIONINTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHIRRIGATIONLACK OF INFORMATIONLAND LAWLAND MANAGEMENTLAND OWNERSHIPLAND PRODUCTIVITYLAND TENURELAND TITLESLANDSLIVELIHOOD BASELIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENTLIVESTOCK ENTERPRISESLIVESTOCK PRODUCERSLIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONLIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITYMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMAIZEMAJORITY OF FARMERSMEATMEAT INDUSTRIESMOANATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMNATIONAL RESEARCHNATURAL RESOURCESNEW TECHNOLOGIESNGOSNUTRITIONOILSEEDSORCHARDSOVERGRAZINGPASTORALISTSPASTURESPEST CONTROLPESTICIDESPINEAPPLEPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLLUTIONPOORPOPULATION GROWTHPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY ERADICATIONPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPRIORITY SETTINGPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTION SUPPORTPUBLIC AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHPUBLIC SPENDINGREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL MARKETSRISK REDUCTIONROOTSRURALRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL ECONOMYRURAL ENTREPRENEURSRURAL FINANCERURAL GROWTHRURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL POPULATIONRURAL ROADRURAL SECTORRURAL WATERRURAL WATER SUPPLYSANITATIONSAVINGSSCIENTIFIC RESEARCHSMALL-SCALE AGRICULTURESMALL-SCALE FARMINGSMALL-SCALE IRRIGATIONSMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURESMALLHOLDER FARMERSSMALLHOLDER FARMINGSMALLHOLDER FARMSSMALLHOLDER PRODUCERSSMALLHOLDER SECTORSOIL ACIDITYSOIL EROSIONSTRUCTURAL REFORMSSUB-REGIONSUBSISTENCESUGARSUGARCANESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTARGETINGTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETEXTILESUNDPUNITED NATIONSUNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTUNIVERSITIESUSAIDVEGETABLESVIOLENCEVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTWATER FOR IRRIGATIONWATER RESOURCESWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTWATER USEWATER USE EFFICIENCYWATER USERSWATER USERS ASSOCIATIONSWOODWorld Bank10.1596/12770