World BankInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU)2025-03-112025-03-112025-03-11978-92-61-40031-6https://hdl.handle.net/10986/42934The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector finds itself at a pivotal moment —while propelling digital transformation across the globe, it is also contributing to climate change. The sector's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—estimated at 1.5 to 4 percent of the global total—exceed those of the international aviation industry. Digitalization also impacts other environmental areas such as increased energy and water consumption, raw material depletion, and e-waste. Therefore, the pressing challenge lies in closing the connectivity gap for 2.6 billion who remain offline while leveraging ICTs in an environmentally sustainable manner.en-USCC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGOINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYICTCLIMATE CHANGEGHG EMISSIONSDIGITALIZATIONE-WASTEReportWorld Bank and International Telecommunication Union10.1596/42934